Cross-reactivity between antibodies induced by European swine influenza vaccines and Spanish swine influenza strains

[Background:] Vaccination is an essential tool for controlling the severity of influenza in swine and its spillover risk to humans. Due to fast mutation rates, genomic reassortment, and the high antigenic variability of influenza A viruses (IAV), it is necessary to update vaccine strains to better m...

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Autores: Encinas, Paloma, Nogales, Aitor, Nelson, Martha, García-Sastre, Adolfo, Real, Gustavo del
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2026
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositório:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::59b9510b4da93e28ca6c1d05540b4c6e
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429256
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105030481552
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Swine
Influenza
Vaccine
Public health
Zoonoses
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spelling Cross-reactivity between antibodies induced by European swine influenza vaccines and Spanish swine influenza strainsEncinas, PalomaNogales, AitorNelson, MarthaGarcía-Sastre, AdolfoReal, Gustavo delSwineInfluenzaVaccinePublic healthZoonoses[Background:] Vaccination is an essential tool for controlling the severity of influenza in swine and its spillover risk to humans. Due to fast mutation rates, genomic reassortment, and the high antigenic variability of influenza A viruses (IAV), it is necessary to update vaccine strains to better match and neutralize circulating viruses.[Methods:] In this study, we analyzed the immune cross-reactivity of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies induced by currently approved European swine influenza vaccines against Spanish swine influenza viruses (SIVs) isolated from 2016 to 2021, as well as human IAV strains, using a murine model. Sera from immunized mice with monovalent (MVV) or trivalent (TVV) swine influenza vaccines were tested against Spanish representative SIVs carrying HAs from different subtypes and lineages using a HI serological assay. Amino acids in the antigenic motifs of the receptor binding site (RBS) of the IAV HA were compared and contrasted among SIV strains to detect changes that may affect protein antigenicity.[Results:] Sera from mice immunized with MVV or TVV showed no HI antibodies against a 2019 Eurasian avian-like H1 (EAswH1) SIV. TVV did not induce cross-reactive HI antibodies against two human seasonal H3 SIV from the 2000s (2000s-like H3) or against the human seasonal H3 vaccine strain (HuVacH3). Geometric mean (GM) HI titers of sera from TVV-immunized mice were below the protection threshold (GM < 40) against the recent human seasonal-like H1 (HUswH1) SIV, against an EAswH1 SIV, and against the human seasonal H1 vaccine strain (HuVacH1). HI antibodies induced by MVV showed high cross-reactivity with a 2019 EAswH1 SIV isolate.[Conclusion:] Currently authorized vaccines do not induce HI antibodies against some contemporary SIV circulating in Spain, nor against human seasonal influenza vaccine strains. Updating vaccine strains to better match new SIVs emerging in Spanish swine is warranted.The author(s) declared that financial support was received for this work and/or its publication. Research in GR and AG-S laboratories on influenza is partially funded by the Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission (CRIPT), one of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) funded Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR; contract # 75N93021C00014). This study was partially funded by the Division of Intramural Research at the NIH National Library of Medicine.Peer reviewedFrontiers MediaCenter for Research for Influenza Pathogenesis (US)National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US)Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (US)National Library of Medicine (US)Nogales, Aitor [0000-0002-2424-7900]Real, Gustavo del [0000-0002-8171-2274]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202620262026info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/429256https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105030481552reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésThe underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1725563https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1725563Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:digitalcsic_::59b9510b4da93e28ca6c1d05540b4c6e2026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Cross-reactivity between antibodies induced by European swine influenza vaccines and Spanish swine influenza strains
title Cross-reactivity between antibodies induced by European swine influenza vaccines and Spanish swine influenza strains
spellingShingle Cross-reactivity between antibodies induced by European swine influenza vaccines and Spanish swine influenza strains
Encinas, Paloma
Swine
Influenza
Vaccine
Public health
Zoonoses
title_short Cross-reactivity between antibodies induced by European swine influenza vaccines and Spanish swine influenza strains
title_full Cross-reactivity between antibodies induced by European swine influenza vaccines and Spanish swine influenza strains
title_fullStr Cross-reactivity between antibodies induced by European swine influenza vaccines and Spanish swine influenza strains
title_full_unstemmed Cross-reactivity between antibodies induced by European swine influenza vaccines and Spanish swine influenza strains
title_sort Cross-reactivity between antibodies induced by European swine influenza vaccines and Spanish swine influenza strains
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Encinas, Paloma
Nogales, Aitor
Nelson, Martha
García-Sastre, Adolfo
Real, Gustavo del
author Encinas, Paloma
author_facet Encinas, Paloma
Nogales, Aitor
Nelson, Martha
García-Sastre, Adolfo
Real, Gustavo del
author_role author
author2 Nogales, Aitor
Nelson, Martha
García-Sastre, Adolfo
Real, Gustavo del
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Center for Research for Influenza Pathogenesis (US)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US)
Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (US)
National Library of Medicine (US)
Nogales, Aitor [0000-0002-2424-7900]
Real, Gustavo del [0000-0002-8171-2274]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Swine
Influenza
Vaccine
Public health
Zoonoses
topic Swine
Influenza
Vaccine
Public health
Zoonoses
description [Background:] Vaccination is an essential tool for controlling the severity of influenza in swine and its spillover risk to humans. Due to fast mutation rates, genomic reassortment, and the high antigenic variability of influenza A viruses (IAV), it is necessary to update vaccine strains to better match and neutralize circulating viruses.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429256
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105030481552
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/429256
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105030481552
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1725563
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1725563
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.81155

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