Factors Contributing to the Long-Term Sea Level Trends in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands

We present an attempt to estimate the long-term changes in Relative Sea Level (RSL), in addition to the different factors contributing to such trends on a local and regional scale, using a statistical linear model. The time series analysis corresponded to 17 tide-gauges, grouped in three different a...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Vargas-Yáñez, Manuel, Tel, Elena, Marcos, Marta, Moya, Francina, Ballesteros, Enrique, Alonso, Cristina, García-Martínez, María del Carmen
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2023
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositório:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/310573
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/310573
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Relative sea level
Steric contribution
Liner regression
Western Mediterranean
Iberian Peninsula
Canary Islands
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spelling Factors Contributing to the Long-Term Sea Level Trends in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary IslandsVargas-Yáñez, ManuelTel, ElenaMarcos, MartaMoya, FrancinaBallesteros, EnriqueAlonso, CristinaGarcía-Martínez, María del CarmenRelative sea levelSteric contributionLiner regressionWestern MediterraneanIberian PeninsulaCanary IslandsWe present an attempt to estimate the long-term changes in Relative Sea Level (RSL), in addition to the different factors contributing to such trends on a local and regional scale, using a statistical linear model. The time series analysis corresponded to 17 tide-gauges, grouped in three different areas: the northern and western Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, the Canary Islands, and the southern and eastern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. The analysis was performed for two periods: 1948–2019, using tide-gauge data; and 1993–2019, using both tide-gauge and altimetry data for comparison. The trends for the period 1948–2019 ranged between 1.09 ± 0.14 (Canary Islands) and 2.05 ± 0.21 mm/yr for the northern and western Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. Altimetry data during the period 1993–2019 yielded quite homogeneous results for all the locations and regions, ranging between 2.7 ± 0.4 and 3.0 ± 0.3 mm/yr. In contrast, the results obtained from tide-gauge data for this recent period showed a large dispersion, very likely due to local effects, or perhaps even to levelling or instrumental errors. Nevertheless, when the results were averaged for each area, the observed trends were comparable to the altimetry results, with values of 2.3 ± 0.8, 2.7 ± 0.5, and 2.8 ± 0.8 mm/yr for the three regions of study. A stepwise forward linear regression was used to relate the observed RSL variability to the atmospheric forcing and the thermosteric and halosteric components of the sea level. Surprisingly, the thermosteric and halosteric contributions were not significantly correlated to the observed RSL in many cases; consequently, the steric, the total addition of mass, the mass of salt, and the freshwater contributions to the observed sea level trends could not be reliably estimated. This result seems to have been the consequence of the scarcity of temperature and salinity data; this hypothesis was confirmed, with the exception of the tide-gauge data for L’Estartit. This location is close to a well sampled region. In this case, the atmospheric variables and the thermosteric and halosteric terms accounted for 80% of the observed RSL variance, and the contributions of these terms could be estimated. The freshwater contribution for this location was between 1.3 and 1.4 mm/yr, consistent with recent estimations of the contributions of glaciers and Greenland and Antarctica Ice Sheets. These results highlight the importance of monitoring programs and routine sampling for the determination of the different factors contributing to the sea level variability.Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteVargas-Yáñez, Manuel [0000-0003-0456-9096]Tel, Elena [0000-0003-4786-0350]Moya, Francina [0000-0001-9856-5234]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2023202320232023info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/310573reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésThe underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI 10.3390/geosciences13060160https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13060160Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3105732026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Factors Contributing to the Long-Term Sea Level Trends in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands
title Factors Contributing to the Long-Term Sea Level Trends in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands
spellingShingle Factors Contributing to the Long-Term Sea Level Trends in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands
Vargas-Yáñez, Manuel
Relative sea level
Steric contribution
Liner regression
Western Mediterranean
Iberian Peninsula
Canary Islands
title_short Factors Contributing to the Long-Term Sea Level Trends in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands
title_full Factors Contributing to the Long-Term Sea Level Trends in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands
title_fullStr Factors Contributing to the Long-Term Sea Level Trends in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands
title_full_unstemmed Factors Contributing to the Long-Term Sea Level Trends in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands
title_sort Factors Contributing to the Long-Term Sea Level Trends in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Vargas-Yáñez, Manuel
Tel, Elena
Marcos, Marta
Moya, Francina
Ballesteros, Enrique
Alonso, Cristina
García-Martínez, María del Carmen
author Vargas-Yáñez, Manuel
author_facet Vargas-Yáñez, Manuel
Tel, Elena
Marcos, Marta
Moya, Francina
Ballesteros, Enrique
Alonso, Cristina
García-Martínez, María del Carmen
author_role author
author2 Tel, Elena
Marcos, Marta
Moya, Francina
Ballesteros, Enrique
Alonso, Cristina
García-Martínez, María del Carmen
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Vargas-Yáñez, Manuel [0000-0003-0456-9096]
Tel, Elena [0000-0003-4786-0350]
Moya, Francina [0000-0001-9856-5234]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Relative sea level
Steric contribution
Liner regression
Western Mediterranean
Iberian Peninsula
Canary Islands
topic Relative sea level
Steric contribution
Liner regression
Western Mediterranean
Iberian Peninsula
Canary Islands
description We present an attempt to estimate the long-term changes in Relative Sea Level (RSL), in addition to the different factors contributing to such trends on a local and regional scale, using a statistical linear model. The time series analysis corresponded to 17 tide-gauges, grouped in three different areas: the northern and western Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, the Canary Islands, and the southern and eastern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. The analysis was performed for two periods: 1948–2019, using tide-gauge data; and 1993–2019, using both tide-gauge and altimetry data for comparison. The trends for the period 1948–2019 ranged between 1.09 ± 0.14 (Canary Islands) and 2.05 ± 0.21 mm/yr for the northern and western Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. Altimetry data during the period 1993–2019 yielded quite homogeneous results for all the locations and regions, ranging between 2.7 ± 0.4 and 3.0 ± 0.3 mm/yr. In contrast, the results obtained from tide-gauge data for this recent period showed a large dispersion, very likely due to local effects, or perhaps even to levelling or instrumental errors. Nevertheless, when the results were averaged for each area, the observed trends were comparable to the altimetry results, with values of 2.3 ± 0.8, 2.7 ± 0.5, and 2.8 ± 0.8 mm/yr for the three regions of study. A stepwise forward linear regression was used to relate the observed RSL variability to the atmospheric forcing and the thermosteric and halosteric components of the sea level. Surprisingly, the thermosteric and halosteric contributions were not significantly correlated to the observed RSL in many cases; consequently, the steric, the total addition of mass, the mass of salt, and the freshwater contributions to the observed sea level trends could not be reliably estimated. This result seems to have been the consequence of the scarcity of temperature and salinity data; this hypothesis was confirmed, with the exception of the tide-gauge data for L’Estartit. This location is close to a well sampled region. In this case, the atmospheric variables and the thermosteric and halosteric terms accounted for 80% of the observed RSL variance, and the contributions of these terms could be estimated. The freshwater contribution for this location was between 1.3 and 1.4 mm/yr, consistent with recent estimations of the contributions of glaciers and Greenland and Antarctica Ice Sheets. These results highlight the importance of monitoring programs and routine sampling for the determination of the different factors contributing to the sea level variability.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2023
2023
2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/310573
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/310573
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI 10.3390/geosciences13060160
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13060160
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.812429

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