Dynamics of retinal changes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor symptoms, with emerging evidence suggesting retinal pathology, particularly in the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), detectable via optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study aimed to characteriz...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Murueta-Goyena Larrañaga, Ane, Teijeira Portas, Sara, Blanco Martín, Elisa, Vázquez Picón, Raquel, Ruiz Bajo, Blanca, Bocos, Jone, Sánchez Molina, Jorge, Alves Dias, Patricia, Croitoru, Ioana M., rodríguez Agirretxe, Iñaki, Del Pino Sáez, Rocío, Acera Gil, María Ángeles, Tijero Merino, Beatriz, Sáez Atxukarro, Oihane, Romero Bascones, David, Gómez Esteban, Juan Carlos, Aritz Urcola, Javier, Ruiz Martínez, Javier, Gabilondo Cuellar, Iñigo
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad del País Vasco
Repositorio:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
OAI Identifier:oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/72677
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10810/72677
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Parkinson’s disease
retina
optical coherence tomography
ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer
fovea
Descripción
Sumario:Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor symptoms, with emerging evidence suggesting retinal pathology, particularly in the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), detectable via optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study aimed to characterize early retinal dynamics in PD using OCT. We conducted a prospective one-year longitudinal multicenter study involving 53 early-stage PD patients with a disease duration of 5 years or less and 52 controls. The participants underwent retinal spectral-domain OCT, primary visual function and cognitive examinations. We examined baseline retinal measures and short-term longitudinal differences between groups via linear mixed effects models. In PD patients, the baseline GCIPL thickness in central regions was increased by up to 4 μm, and the rate of thinning in the parafoveal GCIPL was − 0.61 [0.29] µm/year faster over a one-year follow-up period than in controls in the 2- to 3-mm ring (p = 0.039). In PD patients, greater central GCIPL thickness was associated with poorer contrast sensitivity and reduced performance on the Farnsworth D15 color vision test. It also predicted subsequent thinning in both the GCIPL (2- to 3-mm ring) and the inner nuclear layer (2- to 5-mm rings). However, this increased thickness was not linked to prevalent or progressive motor or cognitive manifestations. In conclusion, this study provides the first detailed topographical description of early retinal dynamics in PD patients, revealing increased central GCIPL thickness and accelerated parafoveal GCIPL thinning in PD. However, the macular region shows complex and variable dynamics among PD patients, but these changes precede detectable progression in clinical scales.

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