Folds inside pebbles: when do they form during conglomerate deformation? Numerical modelling and comparison with the Hutuo Group conglomerates, North China Craton

The analysis of folds within pebbles in conglomerates has been used to infer deformation events before deposition of the conglomerate. However, it is not clear whether folds can develop within pebbles during subsequent conglomerate deformation. We use numerical modelling to investigate folding withi...

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Autores: Ran, Hao, Bons, Paul D., Wang, Genhou, Griera i Artigas, Albert, de Riese, Tamara, Gómez Rivas, Enrique, Llorens, Maria-Gema, Ran, Shuming, Wang, Yan, Wang, Shubiao
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:2445/211141
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/211141
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Geologia estructural
Deformació de les roques
Xina
Structural geology
Rock deformation
China
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spelling Folds inside pebbles: when do they form during conglomerate deformation? Numerical modelling and comparison with the Hutuo Group conglomerates, North China CratonRan, HaoBons, Paul D.Wang, GenhouGriera i Artigas, Albertde Riese, TamaraGómez Rivas, EnriqueLlorens, Maria-GemaRan, ShumingWang, YanWang, ShubiaoGeologia estructuralDeformació de les roquesXinaStructural geologyRock deformationChinaThe analysis of folds within pebbles in conglomerates has been used to infer deformation events before deposition of the conglomerate. However, it is not clear whether folds can develop within pebbles during subsequent conglomerate deformation. We use numerical modelling to investigate folding within internally layered pebbles in a ductile deformation regime and simple shear deformation. We vary the initial orientation and rheology of the layers within pebbles, as well as the relative rheology of the conglomerate matrix, for single isolated pebbles and multiple interacting pebbles. We use a power-law viscous rheology for both the pebbles and their matrix. Folding within pebbles can indeed occur, but only within a narrow range of initial layer orientations, strength or viscosity ratio between the internal layers and that of the matrix relative to the pebble layers. Results are used to interpret the strongly deformed conglomerates from the Proterozoic Hutuo Group in the Wutai Mountains, North China Craton, that contain a small percentage of pebbles with internal folds. Based on field observations and numerical modelling results, we suggest that these formed during deformation of the conglomerate and do not represent inclusion of previously folded lithologies into the unit.Elsevier Ltd2024202420222024info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion35 p.application/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/211141Articles publicats en revistes (Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada)reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésVersió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2022.104620Journal of Structural Geology, 2022, vol. 160, p. 104620https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2022.104620(c) Elsevier Ltd, 2022info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:2445/2111412026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Folds inside pebbles: when do they form during conglomerate deformation? Numerical modelling and comparison with the Hutuo Group conglomerates, North China Craton
title Folds inside pebbles: when do they form during conglomerate deformation? Numerical modelling and comparison with the Hutuo Group conglomerates, North China Craton
spellingShingle Folds inside pebbles: when do they form during conglomerate deformation? Numerical modelling and comparison with the Hutuo Group conglomerates, North China Craton
Ran, Hao
Geologia estructural
Deformació de les roques
Xina
Structural geology
Rock deformation
China
title_short Folds inside pebbles: when do they form during conglomerate deformation? Numerical modelling and comparison with the Hutuo Group conglomerates, North China Craton
title_full Folds inside pebbles: when do they form during conglomerate deformation? Numerical modelling and comparison with the Hutuo Group conglomerates, North China Craton
title_fullStr Folds inside pebbles: when do they form during conglomerate deformation? Numerical modelling and comparison with the Hutuo Group conglomerates, North China Craton
title_full_unstemmed Folds inside pebbles: when do they form during conglomerate deformation? Numerical modelling and comparison with the Hutuo Group conglomerates, North China Craton
title_sort Folds inside pebbles: when do they form during conglomerate deformation? Numerical modelling and comparison with the Hutuo Group conglomerates, North China Craton
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ran, Hao
Bons, Paul D.
Wang, Genhou
Griera i Artigas, Albert
de Riese, Tamara
Gómez Rivas, Enrique
Llorens, Maria-Gema
Ran, Shuming
Wang, Yan
Wang, Shubiao
author Ran, Hao
author_facet Ran, Hao
Bons, Paul D.
Wang, Genhou
Griera i Artigas, Albert
de Riese, Tamara
Gómez Rivas, Enrique
Llorens, Maria-Gema
Ran, Shuming
Wang, Yan
Wang, Shubiao
author_role author
author2 Bons, Paul D.
Wang, Genhou
Griera i Artigas, Albert
de Riese, Tamara
Gómez Rivas, Enrique
Llorens, Maria-Gema
Ran, Shuming
Wang, Yan
Wang, Shubiao
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Geologia estructural
Deformació de les roques
Xina
Structural geology
Rock deformation
China
topic Geologia estructural
Deformació de les roques
Xina
Structural geology
Rock deformation
China
description The analysis of folds within pebbles in conglomerates has been used to infer deformation events before deposition of the conglomerate. However, it is not clear whether folds can develop within pebbles during subsequent conglomerate deformation. We use numerical modelling to investigate folding within internally layered pebbles in a ductile deformation regime and simple shear deformation. We vary the initial orientation and rheology of the layers within pebbles, as well as the relative rheology of the conglomerate matrix, for single isolated pebbles and multiple interacting pebbles. We use a power-law viscous rheology for both the pebbles and their matrix. Folding within pebbles can indeed occur, but only within a narrow range of initial layer orientations, strength or viscosity ratio between the internal layers and that of the matrix relative to the pebble layers. Results are used to interpret the strongly deformed conglomerates from the Proterozoic Hutuo Group in the Wutai Mountains, North China Craton, that contain a small percentage of pebbles with internal folds. Based on field observations and numerical modelling results, we suggest that these formed during deformation of the conglomerate and do not represent inclusion of previously folded lithologies into the unit.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2445/211141
url https://hdl.handle.net/2445/211141
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Versió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2022.104620
Journal of Structural Geology, 2022, vol. 160, p. 104620
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2022.104620
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv (c) Elsevier Ltd, 2022
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv (c) Elsevier Ltd, 2022
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 35 p.
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Ltd
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier Ltd
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Articles publicats en revistes (Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada)
reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.812429

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