| Sumario: | The large compositional and structural diversity of polyoxometalates (POMs) is strongly related to their dynamic chemical equilibria in aqueous solution. In fact, their formation process involves complex oxoanion condensation reactions in acidic media and thus, more than one metal-oxo cluster species coexist in a given pH condition. Thus, a general overview of the most common structural archetypes of POMs is provided in this work, with strong focus on the main species found in aqueous solution as a function of the pH. First, traditional iso- and hetero-polyoxovanadates, -polyoxomolybdates and -polyoxotungstates are reviewed, followed by the analysis of less conventional families, such as giant molybdates, uranium peroxoclusters and noble-metal POMs.; Polioxometalatoen (PoMen) konposizio eta egitura aniztasun ikaragarria ur disoluzioan aurkezten dituzten oreka kimiko dinamikoen emaitza da. Izan ere, haien eraketa prozesuak ingurune azidotan gertatzen diren oxoanioien kondentsazio konplexuetan oinarrituta daude, eta, ondorioz, pH baldintza jakinetan zenbait metal-oxigeno kluster daude orekan. Hortaz, PoMei dagozkien topologia garrantzitsuenen ikuspegi orokorra aurkezten da lan honetan, pH-aren arabera ur disoluzioan agertzen diren espezie nagusiei erreparatuz. Lehenik, ohiko iso- eta hetero-polioxobanadato, -polioxomolibdato eta -polioxowolframatoak aztertu dira, eta, bukatzeko, hain konbentzionalak ez diren PoM familietan jarri da arreta, hala nola molibdato erraldoietan, uranio peroxo-klusterretan eta metal noblez osatutako egituretan.
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