Effect of doping ions and organic molecules on the precipitation and biological interactions of nanostructured calcium phosphates
From a chemical and structural point of view, hydroxyapatite (HA) is a strong candidate in biomedical applications owing to its similarity to the inorganic components of bones and teeth. HA nanoparticles (NPs) as colloidal suspensions are becoming a popular tool in biomedical applications such as ge...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2015 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | CBUC, CESCA |
| Repositorio: | TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/328719 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10803/328719 https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-95999 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | 577 615 620 |
| Sumario: | From a chemical and structural point of view, hydroxyapatite (HA) is a strong candidate in biomedical applications owing to its similarity to the inorganic components of bones and teeth. HA nanoparticles (NPs) as colloidal suspensions are becoming a popular tool in biomedical applications such as gene/drug delivery, bio-imaging etc. Although it is widely acknowledged that ionic substitutions on bulk HA substrates have a strong impact on their biological performance, little is known of their effect on NPs with potential use in gene transfection or drug delivery. In the third chapter carbonate (CO3) and magnesium (Mg) ions, which are the major substitutions in biological apatite, have been explored in the synthesis of ion-doped HA NPs under similar reaction conditions to allow comparison of results. CO3 and Mg ion were incorporated in the crystal lattice of HA and caused various changes mainly in the morphology and solubility of the different nanoparticles. In addition, the impact of ion doping on the interaction of HA NPs with cells was also evaluated under various cell culture conditions: 1) performing the cell culture study on citrate-dispersed NPs and on agglomerated NPs, 2) adding/excluding 10 % of foetal bovine serum (FBS) in the cell culture media and 3) using different types of cells, i.e. osteosarcoma MG-63 cells versus rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs). The in vitro results indicated that Mg-doped HA NPs induced a profound impact on MG63 cells and, in the absence of citrate and FBS these nanoparticles were clearly cytotoxic. However, Mg-doped HA NPs did not alter cell viability in rMSCs under the same conditions. In the fourth chapter, Sr, Zn, Si and Fe(III) ions, which are minor ionic substitutions in biological apatite, were introduced to synthesize additional ion-doped HA NPs. Physicochemical characterization demonstrated that as-synthesized NPs were phase pure and doped ions had little influence on the morphology of NPs as in all cases they kept needle-like structure. Cytotoxicity studies performed using MG63 and rMSCs cells under the conditions of serum-containing and serum-free indicated that all NPs were non-cytotoxic if FBS was present. Interestingly, Zn-doped and Fe-doped HA NPs clearly stimulated MG63 cell proliferation in the absence of FBS. In addition to exploring the effect of ion-doped HA NPs on cell behaviour, it was also the interest of this thesis to investigate calcium phosphate (CaP) mineralization in the presence of organic molecules and also doping ions. In the fifth chapter of this thesis the effect of various organic molecules on CaP precipitation is provided. As shown by transmission electron microscopic studies (TEM) neuron-like CaP structures could be created using organic molecules of diverse nature such as non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80), anionic polymers (sodium polyacrylate) and cationic polymers (polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride). TEM studies through EELS, EFTEM and SAED proved that the neuron-like structures consisting of a dense core and thin filaments surrounding it had calcium, phosphorous and oxygen evenly distributed throughout the dense core as well as the filaments, and were amorphous in nature. Additionally, the co-effect of inorganic additives (i.e. Mg and Sr) together with organic molecules on CaP was also evaluated. It was proved that the addition of small amounts of ions had diverse impact on the stability of the neuron-like structures Mg clearly disrupting them but not Sr. All the findings with organic molecules provide much inspiration not only for the synthesis of more advanced CaP materials with novel structures and useful properties, but also for a better understanding of biomineralization process in nature. |
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