Inhibiting and protective factors of exclusive breastfeeding in an Island population in Spain: a longitudinal study

Background Breastfeeding provides important health benefits for both mothers and infants. In Spain, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 months is 47%, which remains below the 60% target proposed by the World Health Organization for 2030. The objective of this study was to identify the pro...

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Authors: Llorente Pulido, Seila, Custodio, Estefanía, Otero García, Laura
Format: article
Publication Date:2025
Country:España
Institution:Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Repository:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/738260
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10486/738260
https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-025-00800-x
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Exclusive breastfeeding
Longitudinal study
Maternity care
Maternity service provision
Nipple pain
Pacifier
Perception of insufficient milk
Enfermería
Medicina
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spelling Inhibiting and protective factors of exclusive breastfeeding in an Island population in Spain: a longitudinal studyLlorente Pulido, SeilaCustodio, EstefaníaOtero García, LauraExclusive breastfeedingLongitudinal studyMaternity careMaternity service provisionNipple painPacifierPerception of insufficient milkEnfermeríaMedicinaBackground Breastfeeding provides important health benefits for both mothers and infants. In Spain, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 months is 47%, which remains below the 60% target proposed by the World Health Organization for 2030. The objective of this study was to identify the protective and inhibiting factors associated with EBF in a population of pregnant women in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Methods We conducted a longitudinal, prospective study among women attending midwife consultations for pregnancy check-ups at a primary healthcare center between November 2018 and January 2021. We followed 83 women, collecting data at different time points during pregnancy and postpartum (hospital stay, 15 days, 1 month, 4 months, and 6 months). Descriptive statistics and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The inhibiting factors for EBF were pacifier use during the hospital stay, on EBF after birth (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.23), pacifier use at 15 days (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.42) and at 4 months (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.79), gynecological problems of the woman (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.61), the presence of nipple pain at 15 days affecting EBF at 4 months (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.56) and at 6 months (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.68), perception of insufficient milk at 15 days (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.49) and at 1 month (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.20), and giving birth in a privately managed hospital without Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) accreditation (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.66). Protective factors for EBF were the woman’s prior knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding for her child (OR: 5.25, 95% CI: 1.03, 26.80) and for herself (OR: 3.98, 95% CI: 1.31, 12.02), as well as having a foreign nationality (OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.05, 8.80). Conclusions The factors impacting EBF can be addressed with improved care practices for women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the early postpartum period. It is essential to train healthcare professionals and implement the BFHI in Spain, where it is primarily carried out in public hospitals, but not in private onesThis research project was funded by the Spanish Health Research Fund 630 (PIFIIS19/15), through the Canary Islands Foundation Health Research 631 Institute of the Canary Islands (FIISC), CIF: G76208396, Barranco de la Ballena, s/n, Edificio Anexo al Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria “Negrín”, 633 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, SpainSpringer NatureFacultad de MedicinaDepartamento de EnfermeríaDepartamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública y MicrobiologíaGobierno de EspañaInstituto de Salud Carlos III20252025-12-24research articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10486/738260https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-025-00800-x41444949reponame:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAMinstname:Universidad Autónoma de MadridInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/7382602026-06-23T12:46:27Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Inhibiting and protective factors of exclusive breastfeeding in an Island population in Spain: a longitudinal study
title Inhibiting and protective factors of exclusive breastfeeding in an Island population in Spain: a longitudinal study
spellingShingle Inhibiting and protective factors of exclusive breastfeeding in an Island population in Spain: a longitudinal study
Llorente Pulido, Seila
Exclusive breastfeeding
Longitudinal study
Maternity care
Maternity service provision
Nipple pain
Pacifier
Perception of insufficient milk
Enfermería
Medicina
title_short Inhibiting and protective factors of exclusive breastfeeding in an Island population in Spain: a longitudinal study
title_full Inhibiting and protective factors of exclusive breastfeeding in an Island population in Spain: a longitudinal study
title_fullStr Inhibiting and protective factors of exclusive breastfeeding in an Island population in Spain: a longitudinal study
title_full_unstemmed Inhibiting and protective factors of exclusive breastfeeding in an Island population in Spain: a longitudinal study
title_sort Inhibiting and protective factors of exclusive breastfeeding in an Island population in Spain: a longitudinal study
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Llorente Pulido, Seila
Custodio, Estefanía
Otero García, Laura
author Llorente Pulido, Seila
author_facet Llorente Pulido, Seila
Custodio, Estefanía
Otero García, Laura
author_role author
author2 Custodio, Estefanía
Otero García, Laura
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Facultad de Medicina
Departamento de Enfermería
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública y Microbiología
Gobierno de España
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Exclusive breastfeeding
Longitudinal study
Maternity care
Maternity service provision
Nipple pain
Pacifier
Perception of insufficient milk
Enfermería
Medicina
topic Exclusive breastfeeding
Longitudinal study
Maternity care
Maternity service provision
Nipple pain
Pacifier
Perception of insufficient milk
Enfermería
Medicina
description Background Breastfeeding provides important health benefits for both mothers and infants. In Spain, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 months is 47%, which remains below the 60% target proposed by the World Health Organization for 2030. The objective of this study was to identify the protective and inhibiting factors associated with EBF in a population of pregnant women in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Methods We conducted a longitudinal, prospective study among women attending midwife consultations for pregnancy check-ups at a primary healthcare center between November 2018 and January 2021. We followed 83 women, collecting data at different time points during pregnancy and postpartum (hospital stay, 15 days, 1 month, 4 months, and 6 months). Descriptive statistics and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The inhibiting factors for EBF were pacifier use during the hospital stay, on EBF after birth (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.23), pacifier use at 15 days (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.42) and at 4 months (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.79), gynecological problems of the woman (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.61), the presence of nipple pain at 15 days affecting EBF at 4 months (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.56) and at 6 months (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.68), perception of insufficient milk at 15 days (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.49) and at 1 month (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.20), and giving birth in a privately managed hospital without Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) accreditation (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.66). Protective factors for EBF were the woman’s prior knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding for her child (OR: 5.25, 95% CI: 1.03, 26.80) and for herself (OR: 3.98, 95% CI: 1.31, 12.02), as well as having a foreign nationality (OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.05, 8.80). Conclusions The factors impacting EBF can be addressed with improved care practices for women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the early postpartum period. It is essential to train healthcare professionals and implement the BFHI in Spain, where it is primarily carried out in public hospitals, but not in private ones
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-12-24
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv research article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10486/738260
https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-025-00800-x
41444949
url https://hdl.handle.net/10486/738260
https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-025-00800-x
identifier_str_mv 41444949
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
instname:Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
instname_str Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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