Distinguishing between Wet and Dry Atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 e and f

The nearby TRAPPIST-1 planetary system is an exciting target for characterizing the atmospheres of terrestrial planets. The planets e, f, and g lie in the circumstellar habitable zone and could sustain liquid water on their surfaces. During the extended pre-main-sequence phase of TRAPPIST-1, however...

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Autores: Wunderlich, Fabian, Scheucher, Markus, Godolt, M., Grenfell, J. L., Schreier, F., Schneider, P. C., Wilson, D. J., Sánchez-López, A., López-Puertas, Manuel, Rauer, Heike
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/221609
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/221609
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Exoplanet atmospheres
Exoplanet atmospheric composition
Planetary atmospheres
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repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Distinguishing between Wet and Dry Atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 e and f
title Distinguishing between Wet and Dry Atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 e and f
spellingShingle Distinguishing between Wet and Dry Atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 e and f
Wunderlich, Fabian
Exoplanet atmospheres
Exoplanet atmospheric composition
Planetary atmospheres
title_short Distinguishing between Wet and Dry Atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 e and f
title_full Distinguishing between Wet and Dry Atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 e and f
title_fullStr Distinguishing between Wet and Dry Atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 e and f
title_full_unstemmed Distinguishing between Wet and Dry Atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 e and f
title_sort Distinguishing between Wet and Dry Atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 e and f
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Wunderlich, Fabian
Scheucher, Markus
Godolt, M.
Grenfell, J. L.
Schreier, F.
Schneider, P. C.
Wilson, D. J.
Sánchez-López, A.
López-Puertas, Manuel
Rauer, Heike
author Wunderlich, Fabian
author_facet Wunderlich, Fabian
Scheucher, Markus
Godolt, M.
Grenfell, J. L.
Schreier, F.
Schneider, P. C.
Wilson, D. J.
Sánchez-López, A.
López-Puertas, Manuel
Rauer, Heike
author_role author
author2 Scheucher, Markus
Godolt, M.
Grenfell, J. L.
Schreier, F.
Schneider, P. C.
Wilson, D. J.
Sánchez-López, A.
López-Puertas, Manuel
Rauer, Heike
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv German Research Foundation
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
European Commission
German Centre for Air and Space Travel
NASA
Space Telescope Science Institute (US)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Exoplanet atmospheres
Exoplanet atmospheric composition
Planetary atmospheres
topic Exoplanet atmospheres
Exoplanet atmospheric composition
Planetary atmospheres
description The nearby TRAPPIST-1 planetary system is an exciting target for characterizing the atmospheres of terrestrial planets. The planets e, f, and g lie in the circumstellar habitable zone and could sustain liquid water on their surfaces. During the extended pre-main-sequence phase of TRAPPIST-1, however, the planets may have experienced extreme water loss, leading to a desiccated mantle. The presence or absence of an ocean is challenging to determine with current and next-generation telescopes. Therefore, we investigate whether indirect evidence of an ocean and/or a biosphere can be inferred from observations of the planetary atmosphere. We introduce a newly developed photochemical model for planetary atmospheres, coupled to a radiative-convective model, and validate it against modern Earth, Venus, and Mars. The coupled model is applied to the TRAPPIST-1 planets e and f, assuming different surface conditions and varying amounts of CO(2)in the atmosphere. As input for the model we use a constructed spectrum of TRAPPIST-1, based on near-simultaneous data from X-ray to optical wavelengths. We compute cloud-free transmission spectra of the planetary atmospheres and determine the detectability of molecular features using the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We find that under certain conditions the existence or nonexistence of a biosphere and/or an ocean can be inferred by combining 30 transit observations with ELT and JWST within theKband. A nondetection of CO could suggest the existence of an ocean, whereas significant CH(4)hints at the presence of a biosphere. © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2020
2020
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Postprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
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status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/221609
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/221609
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-87143-R
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/SEV-2017-0709
http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba59c
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dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv IOP Publishing
publisher.none.fl_str_mv IOP Publishing
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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spelling Distinguishing between Wet and Dry Atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 e and fWunderlich, FabianScheucher, MarkusGodolt, M.Grenfell, J. L.Schreier, F.Schneider, P. C.Wilson, D. J.Sánchez-López, A.López-Puertas, ManuelRauer, HeikeExoplanet atmospheresExoplanet atmospheric compositionPlanetary atmospheresThe nearby TRAPPIST-1 planetary system is an exciting target for characterizing the atmospheres of terrestrial planets. The planets e, f, and g lie in the circumstellar habitable zone and could sustain liquid water on their surfaces. During the extended pre-main-sequence phase of TRAPPIST-1, however, the planets may have experienced extreme water loss, leading to a desiccated mantle. The presence or absence of an ocean is challenging to determine with current and next-generation telescopes. Therefore, we investigate whether indirect evidence of an ocean and/or a biosphere can be inferred from observations of the planetary atmosphere. We introduce a newly developed photochemical model for planetary atmospheres, coupled to a radiative-convective model, and validate it against modern Earth, Venus, and Mars. The coupled model is applied to the TRAPPIST-1 planets e and f, assuming different surface conditions and varying amounts of CO(2)in the atmosphere. As input for the model we use a constructed spectrum of TRAPPIST-1, based on near-simultaneous data from X-ray to optical wavelengths. We compute cloud-free transmission spectra of the planetary atmospheres and determine the detectability of molecular features using the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We find that under certain conditions the existence or nonexistence of a biosphere and/or an ocean can be inferred by combining 30 transit observations with ELT and JWST within theKband. A nondetection of CO could suggest the existence of an ocean, whereas significant CH(4)hints at the presence of a biosphere. © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.This research was supported by DFG projects RA-714/7-1, GO 2610/1-1, SCHR 1125/3-1, and RA 714/9-1. We acknowledge the support of the DFG priority program SPP 1992 "Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets (GO 2610/2-1)." M.L.-P. acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through project ESP2017-87143-R, the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the IAA-CSIC (SEV-2017-0709), and EC FEDER funds. P.C.S. gratefully acknowledges support by the German Aerospace Center under DLR 50.OR.1901. We thank Michael Gillon for providing the SPECULOOS target list, Franklin Mills for sending cross-section data of several sulfur species, and Vladimir Krasnopolsky for providing chemical profiles of Mars. The SED used in this study is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the Data Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with program No. 15071. Support for program No. 15071 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute. We thank the anonymous referee for the helpful and constructive comments.Peer reviewedIOP PublishingGerman Research FoundationMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)European CommissionGerman Centre for Air and Space TravelNASASpace Telescope Science Institute (US)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202020202020info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/221609reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/ESP2017-87143-Rinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/SEV-2017-0709http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba59cSíinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2216092026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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