Characterisation of Exposure to Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Fields in the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort: Study Protocol
Background: Analysis of the association between exposure to electromagnetic fields of non-ionising radiation (EMF-NIR) and health in children and adolescents is hindered by the limited availability of data, mainly due to the difficulties on the exposure assessment. This study protocol describes the...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2016 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad del País Vasco |
| Repositorio: | Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/32360 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10810/32360 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | electromagnetic fields radiofrequency extremely low frequency magnetic fields child adolescent exposure assessment environmental exposure phone base stations radiofrequency power-density childhood leukemia cognitive function epidemiologic research magnetic-fields mobile phones RF-EMF adolescents |
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Characterisation of Exposure to Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Fields in the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort: Study ProtocolGallastegi Bilbao, MaraGuxens, MónicaJiménez Zabala, Ana MaríaCalvente, IreneFernández Andrés, MartaBirks, LauraStruchen, BenjaminVrijheid, MartineEstarlich, MarisaFernández, Mariana F.Torrent, MatiesBallester, FerránAurrekoetxea Agirre, Juan JoséIbarluzea Maurolagoitia, Jesús MaríaGuerra Pereda, DavidGonzález Estévez, Julián MaríaRöösli, MartinSanta Marina, Loretoelectromagnetic fieldsradiofrequencyextremely low frequencymagnetic fieldschildadolescentexposure assessmentenvironmental exposurephone base stationsradiofrequency power-densitychildhood leukemiacognitive functionepidemiologic researchmagnetic-fieldsmobile phonesRF-EMFadolescentsBackground: Analysis of the association between exposure to electromagnetic fields of non-ionising radiation (EMF-NIR) and health in children and adolescents is hindered by the limited availability of data, mainly due to the difficulties on the exposure assessment. This study protocol describes the methodologies used for characterising exposure of children to EMF-NIR in the INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente-Environment and Childhood) Project, a prospective cohort study. Methods/Design: Indirect (proximity to emission sources, questionnaires on sources use and geospatial propagation models) and direct methods (spot and fixed longer-term measurements and personal measurements) were conducted in order to assess exposure levels of study participants aged between 7 and 18 years old. The methodology used varies depending on the frequency of the EMF-NIR and the environment (homes, schools and parks). Questionnaires assessed the use of sources contributing both to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) and Radiofrequency (RF) exposure levels. Geospatial propagation models (NISMap) are implemented and validated for environmental outdoor sources of RFs using spot measurements. Spot and fixed longer-term ELF and RF measurements were done in the environments where children spend most of the time. Moreover, personal measurements were taken in order to assess individual exposure to RF. The exposure data are used to explore their relationships with proximity and/or use of EMF-NIR sources. Discussion: Characterisation of the EMF-NIR exposure by this combination of methods is intended to overcome problems encountered in other research. The assessment of exposure of INMA cohort children and adolescents living in different regions of Spain to the full frequency range of EMF-NIR extends the characterisation of environmental exposures in this cohort. Together with other data obtained in the project, on socioeconomic and family characteristics and development of the children and adolescents, this will enable to evaluate the complex interaction between health outcomes in children and adolescents and the various environmental factors that surround them.MGa would like to thank the Department of Education, Language Policy and Culture of the Government of the Basque Country for a predoctoral research training grant. The characterisation of the exposure to non-ionising electromagnetic radiation in children of the INMA Gipuzkoa cohort has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FIS) and by the councils of the study areas. This study was funded by grants from the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III Health Institute (PI13/02187 incl. FEDER funds, CP13/00054 incl. FEDER funds, MS13/00054), the councils of the study region of Gipuzkoa and the EU Commission (603794).Biomed CentralEuropean Commission201920192016info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/32360reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigacióninstname:Universidad del País VascoInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/603794https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-016-2825-3info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/323602026-06-18T09:23:17Z |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Characterisation of Exposure to Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Fields in the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort: Study Protocol |
| title |
Characterisation of Exposure to Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Fields in the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort: Study Protocol |
| spellingShingle |
Characterisation of Exposure to Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Fields in the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort: Study Protocol Gallastegi Bilbao, Mara electromagnetic fields radiofrequency extremely low frequency magnetic fields child adolescent exposure assessment environmental exposure phone base stations radiofrequency power-density childhood leukemia cognitive function epidemiologic research magnetic-fields mobile phones RF-EMF adolescents |
| title_short |
Characterisation of Exposure to Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Fields in the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort: Study Protocol |
| title_full |
Characterisation of Exposure to Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Fields in the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort: Study Protocol |
| title_fullStr |
Characterisation of Exposure to Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Fields in the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort: Study Protocol |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Characterisation of Exposure to Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Fields in the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort: Study Protocol |
| title_sort |
Characterisation of Exposure to Non-Ionising Electromagnetic Fields in the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort: Study Protocol |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Gallastegi Bilbao, Mara Guxens, Mónica Jiménez Zabala, Ana María Calvente, Irene Fernández Andrés, Marta Birks, Laura Struchen, Benjamin Vrijheid, Martine Estarlich, Marisa Fernández, Mariana F. Torrent, Maties Ballester, Ferrán Aurrekoetxea Agirre, Juan José Ibarluzea Maurolagoitia, Jesús María Guerra Pereda, David González Estévez, Julián María Röösli, Martin Santa Marina, Loreto |
| author |
Gallastegi Bilbao, Mara |
| author_facet |
Gallastegi Bilbao, Mara Guxens, Mónica Jiménez Zabala, Ana María Calvente, Irene Fernández Andrés, Marta Birks, Laura Struchen, Benjamin Vrijheid, Martine Estarlich, Marisa Fernández, Mariana F. Torrent, Maties Ballester, Ferrán Aurrekoetxea Agirre, Juan José Ibarluzea Maurolagoitia, Jesús María Guerra Pereda, David González Estévez, Julián María Röösli, Martin Santa Marina, Loreto |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Guxens, Mónica Jiménez Zabala, Ana María Calvente, Irene Fernández Andrés, Marta Birks, Laura Struchen, Benjamin Vrijheid, Martine Estarlich, Marisa Fernández, Mariana F. Torrent, Maties Ballester, Ferrán Aurrekoetxea Agirre, Juan José Ibarluzea Maurolagoitia, Jesús María Guerra Pereda, David González Estévez, Julián María Röösli, Martin Santa Marina, Loreto |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
European Commission |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
electromagnetic fields radiofrequency extremely low frequency magnetic fields child adolescent exposure assessment environmental exposure phone base stations radiofrequency power-density childhood leukemia cognitive function epidemiologic research magnetic-fields mobile phones RF-EMF adolescents |
| topic |
electromagnetic fields radiofrequency extremely low frequency magnetic fields child adolescent exposure assessment environmental exposure phone base stations radiofrequency power-density childhood leukemia cognitive function epidemiologic research magnetic-fields mobile phones RF-EMF adolescents |
| description |
Background: Analysis of the association between exposure to electromagnetic fields of non-ionising radiation (EMF-NIR) and health in children and adolescents is hindered by the limited availability of data, mainly due to the difficulties on the exposure assessment. This study protocol describes the methodologies used for characterising exposure of children to EMF-NIR in the INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente-Environment and Childhood) Project, a prospective cohort study. Methods/Design: Indirect (proximity to emission sources, questionnaires on sources use and geospatial propagation models) and direct methods (spot and fixed longer-term measurements and personal measurements) were conducted in order to assess exposure levels of study participants aged between 7 and 18 years old. The methodology used varies depending on the frequency of the EMF-NIR and the environment (homes, schools and parks). Questionnaires assessed the use of sources contributing both to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) and Radiofrequency (RF) exposure levels. Geospatial propagation models (NISMap) are implemented and validated for environmental outdoor sources of RFs using spot measurements. Spot and fixed longer-term ELF and RF measurements were done in the environments where children spend most of the time. Moreover, personal measurements were taken in order to assess individual exposure to RF. The exposure data are used to explore their relationships with proximity and/or use of EMF-NIR sources. Discussion: Characterisation of the EMF-NIR exposure by this combination of methods is intended to overcome problems encountered in other research. The assessment of exposure of INMA cohort children and adolescents living in different regions of Spain to the full frequency range of EMF-NIR extends the characterisation of environmental exposures in this cohort. Together with other data obtained in the project, on socioeconomic and family characteristics and development of the children and adolescents, this will enable to evaluate the complex interaction between health outcomes in children and adolescents and the various environmental factors that surround them. |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2016 2019 2019 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| format |
article |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10810/32360 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10810/32360 |
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Inglés |
| language_invalid_str_mv |
Inglés |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/603794 https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-016-2825-3 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ |
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openAccess |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ |
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application/pdf |
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Biomed Central |
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Biomed Central |
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reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación instname:Universidad del País Vasco |
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