Indoor/outdoor relationships and mass closure of quasi-ultrafine, accumulation and coarse particles in Barcelona schools

Abstract. The mass concentration, chemical composition and sources of quasi-ultrafine (quasi-UFP, PM0.25), accumulation (PM0.25–2.5) and coarse mode (PM2.5–10) particles were determined in indoor and outdoor air at 39 schools in Barcelona (Spain). Quasi-UFP mass concentrations measured (25.6 μg m−3...

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Authors: Viana, Maria Carmen, Rivas, Ioar, Querol, Xavier, Alastuey, Andrés, Sunyer Deu, Jordi, Álvarez Pedrerol, Mar, Bouso, Laura, Sioutas, Constantinos
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2014
Country:España
Institution:Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Repository:Repositorio Digital de la UPF
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/69210
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/69210
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4459-2014
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Escoles -- Mesures de seguretat
Amoni
Sulfats
id ES_4335acafcf95b6d9ea45008fa3a97e3c
oai_identifier_str oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/69210
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Indoor/outdoor relationships and mass closure of quasi-ultrafine, accumulation and coarse particles in Barcelona schools
title Indoor/outdoor relationships and mass closure of quasi-ultrafine, accumulation and coarse particles in Barcelona schools
spellingShingle Indoor/outdoor relationships and mass closure of quasi-ultrafine, accumulation and coarse particles in Barcelona schools
Viana, Maria Carmen
Escoles -- Mesures de seguretat
Amoni
Sulfats
title_short Indoor/outdoor relationships and mass closure of quasi-ultrafine, accumulation and coarse particles in Barcelona schools
title_full Indoor/outdoor relationships and mass closure of quasi-ultrafine, accumulation and coarse particles in Barcelona schools
title_fullStr Indoor/outdoor relationships and mass closure of quasi-ultrafine, accumulation and coarse particles in Barcelona schools
title_full_unstemmed Indoor/outdoor relationships and mass closure of quasi-ultrafine, accumulation and coarse particles in Barcelona schools
title_sort Indoor/outdoor relationships and mass closure of quasi-ultrafine, accumulation and coarse particles in Barcelona schools
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Viana, Maria Carmen
Rivas, Ioar
Querol, Xavier
Alastuey, Andrés
Sunyer Deu, Jordi
Álvarez Pedrerol, Mar
Bouso, Laura
Sioutas, Constantinos
author Viana, Maria Carmen
author_facet Viana, Maria Carmen
Rivas, Ioar
Querol, Xavier
Alastuey, Andrés
Sunyer Deu, Jordi
Álvarez Pedrerol, Mar
Bouso, Laura
Sioutas, Constantinos
author_role author
author2 Rivas, Ioar
Querol, Xavier
Alastuey, Andrés
Sunyer Deu, Jordi
Álvarez Pedrerol, Mar
Bouso, Laura
Sioutas, Constantinos
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Escoles -- Mesures de seguretat
Amoni
Sulfats
topic Escoles -- Mesures de seguretat
Amoni
Sulfats
description Abstract. The mass concentration, chemical composition and sources of quasi-ultrafine (quasi-UFP, PM0.25), accumulation (PM0.25–2.5) and coarse mode (PM2.5–10) particles were determined in indoor and outdoor air at 39 schools in Barcelona (Spain). Quasi-UFP mass concentrations measured (25.6 μg m−3 outdoors, 23.4 μg m−3 indoors) are significantly higher than those reported in other studies, and characterised by higher carbonaceous and mineral matter contents and a lower proportion of secondary inorganic ions. Results suggest that quasi-UFPs in Barcelona are affected by local sources in the schools, mainly human activity (e.g. organic material from textiles, etc., contributing 23–46% to total quasi-UFP mass) and playgrounds (in the form of mineral matter, contributing about 9% to the quasi-UFP mass). The particle size distribution patterns of toxicologically relevant metals and major aerosol components was characterised, displaying two modes for most elements and components, and one mode for inorganic salts (ammonium nitrate and sulfate) and elemental carbon (EC). Regarding metals, Ni and Cr were partitioned mainly in quasi-UFPs and could thus be of interest for epidemiological studies, given their high redox properties. Exposure of children to quasi-UFP mass and chemical species was assessed by comparing the concentrations measured at urban background and traffic areas schools. Finally, three main indoor sources across all size fractions were identified by assessing indoor / outdoor ratios (I / O) of PM species used as their tracers: human activity (organic material), cleaning products, paints and plastics (Cl− source), and a metallic mixed source (comprising combinations of Cu, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, As, V and Cr). Our results support the need to enforce targeted legislation to determine a minimum "safe" distance between major roads and newly built schools to reduce exposure to traffic-derived metals in quasi-UFPs.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2014
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10230/69210
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4459-2014
url http://hdl.handle.net/10230/69210
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4459-2014
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/268479
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PN/CLG2010-19464-CLI
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PN/CGL2011-26574
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv European Geosciences Union (EGU)
publisher.none.fl_str_mv European Geosciences Union (EGU)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Digital de la UPF
instname:Universitat Pompeu Fabra
instname_str Universitat Pompeu Fabra
reponame_str Repositorio Digital de la UPF
collection Repositorio Digital de la UPF
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Indoor/outdoor relationships and mass closure of quasi-ultrafine, accumulation and coarse particles in Barcelona schoolsViana, Maria Carmen Rivas, IoarQuerol, XavierAlastuey, AndrésSunyer Deu, JordiÁlvarez Pedrerol, MarBouso, LauraSioutas, ConstantinosEscoles -- Mesures de seguretatAmoniSulfatsAbstract. The mass concentration, chemical composition and sources of quasi-ultrafine (quasi-UFP, PM0.25), accumulation (PM0.25–2.5) and coarse mode (PM2.5–10) particles were determined in indoor and outdoor air at 39 schools in Barcelona (Spain). Quasi-UFP mass concentrations measured (25.6 μg m−3 outdoors, 23.4 μg m−3 indoors) are significantly higher than those reported in other studies, and characterised by higher carbonaceous and mineral matter contents and a lower proportion of secondary inorganic ions. Results suggest that quasi-UFPs in Barcelona are affected by local sources in the schools, mainly human activity (e.g. organic material from textiles, etc., contributing 23–46% to total quasi-UFP mass) and playgrounds (in the form of mineral matter, contributing about 9% to the quasi-UFP mass). The particle size distribution patterns of toxicologically relevant metals and major aerosol components was characterised, displaying two modes for most elements and components, and one mode for inorganic salts (ammonium nitrate and sulfate) and elemental carbon (EC). Regarding metals, Ni and Cr were partitioned mainly in quasi-UFPs and could thus be of interest for epidemiological studies, given their high redox properties. Exposure of children to quasi-UFP mass and chemical species was assessed by comparing the concentrations measured at urban background and traffic areas schools. Finally, three main indoor sources across all size fractions were identified by assessing indoor / outdoor ratios (I / O) of PM species used as their tracers: human activity (organic material), cleaning products, paints and plastics (Cl− source), and a metallic mixed source (comprising combinations of Cu, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, As, V and Cr). Our results support the need to enforce targeted legislation to determine a minimum "safe" distance between major roads and newly built schools to reduce exposure to traffic-derived metals in quasi-UFPs.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (ERC-Advanced Grant) under grant agreement number 268479 – the BREATHE project. Additional funding for specific instrumentation was provided by national project IMPACT (CGL2011-26574), the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and the Environment (UCA2009020083), and projects VAMOS (CLG2010-19464-CLI) and GRACCIECSD2007-00067. Support is acknowledged to Generalitat de Catalunya 2009 SGR8. The authors are indebted to the schools Antoni Brusi, Baloo, Betània – Patmos, Centre d’estudis Montseny, Collegi Shalom, Costa i Llobera, El Sagrer, Els Llorers, Escola Pia de Sarrià, Escola Pia Balmes, Escola concertada Ramon Llull, Escola Nostra Sra. de Lourdes, Escola Tècnica Professional del Clot, Ferran i Clua, Francesc Macià, Frederic Mistral, Infant Jesús, Joan Maragall, Jovellanos, La Llacuna del Poblenou, Lloret, Menéndez Pidal, Nuestra Señora del Rosario, Miralletes, Ramon Llull, Rius i Taulet, Pau Vila, Pere Vila, Pi d’en Xandri, Projecte, Prosperitat, Sant Ramon Nonat – Sagrat Cor, Santa Anna, Sant Gregori, Sagrat Cor Diputació, Tres Pins, Tomàs Moro, Torrent d’en Melis, Virolai. The authors are thankful to the colleagues participating in the fieldwork and carrying the analitycal analysis, especially to Jesús Parga, Rafael Bartrolí, Mercè Cabañas, Iria Castro, Jordi Gil, Silvia Martinez, Carmen Muñoz and Rebeca Vázquez. European Geosciences Union (EGU)202520252014info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/69210http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4459-2014reponame:Repositorio Digital de la UPFinstname:Universitat Pompeu FabraInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/268479info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PN/CLG2010-19464-CLIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PN/CGL2011-26574All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/692102026-06-12T07:21:37Z
score 15,812429

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