Nano-Structuring of Zirconia Implant Surfaces as an Approach to Improve Clinical Performance and Economic Efficiency-A Preclinical Study on Osseointegration

Objectives Nano-structuring of zirconia dental implants would simplify the production process compared to the currently applied sandblasting and etching. Prior in vitro studies even revealed faster cell spreading and increased viability of osteoblasts on nano-structured zirconia surfaces. The object...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Rohr, N., Permuy Mendaña, María, Fischer, C., López Peña, Mónica, Muñoz Guzón, Fernando María
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC)
Repositorio:Minerva. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:minerva.usc.gal:10347/45491
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10347/45491
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Dental implants
Surface chemistry/properties
Osseointegration
Implant Dentistry/Implantology
Ceramics
Bone remodeling/regeneration
320707 Patología experimental
Descripción
Sumario:Objectives Nano-structuring of zirconia dental implants would simplify the production process compared to the currently applied sandblasting and etching. Prior in vitro studies even revealed faster cell spreading and increased viability of osteoblasts on nano-structured zirconia surfaces. The objective was to evaluate the osseointegration potential of nano-structured zirconia implants in a sheep model. Material and Methods Three different nano-structured surfaces were compared to a commercially available control (ZLA) by measuring the mean bone change (MBC) in radiographs and by histomorphometric analysis after 4 and 8 weeks in sheep. Radiographic and histomorphometric measurements were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis ANOVAs to test the effects of surface and time point (α = 0.05). Results The overall MBC increased from implant placement to 4 (0.9 mm ± 0.8 mm) to 8 weeks (1.3 mm ± 0.7 mm) (p = 0.009) with no significant differences between the groups. Histological assessment revealed that bone-to-implant contact (BIC) was increased for the micro-structured control surface compared with the nano-structured surfaces at both time points. Bone remodeling was similar for all surfaces and increased from 4 to 8 weeks. Conclusions BIC in the sheep model is more dependent on surface roughness on a micro- than nano-structured level, while bone remodeling in the present setup was not influenced by surface topography. Nano-structured zirconia surfaces may be an option for clinical application; however, further research using loaded implants is needed to clarify whether BIC is sufficient to achieve long-term stability.