The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals

In species that regenerate the injured spinal cord, the ependymal region is a source of new cells and a prominent coordinator of regeneration. In mammals, cells at the ependymal region proliferate in normal conditions and react after injury, but in humans, the central canal is lost in the majority o...

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Autores: Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro, Paniagua Torija, Beatriz, Arevalo Martin, Angel, Faulkes, Christopher Guy, Jiménez, Antonio Jesús, Ferrer, Isidre, Molina Holgado, Eduardo, Garcia Ovejero, Daniel
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:2445/180395
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/180395
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Medul·la espinal
Mamífers
Spinal cord
Mammals
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spelling The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among MammalsTorrillas de la Cal, AlejandroPaniagua Torija, BeatrizArevalo Martin, AngelFaulkes, Christopher GuyJiménez, Antonio JesúsFerrer, IsidreMolina Holgado, EduardoGarcia Ovejero, DanielMedul·la espinalMamífersSpinal cordMammalsIn species that regenerate the injured spinal cord, the ependymal region is a source of new cells and a prominent coordinator of regeneration. In mammals, cells at the ependymal region proliferate in normal conditions and react after injury, but in humans, the central canal is lost in the majority of individuals from early childhood. It is replaced by a structure that does not proliferate after damage and is formed by large accumulations of ependymal cells, strong astrogliosis and perivascular pseudo-rosettes. We inform here of two additional mammals that lose the central canal during their lifetime: the Naked Mole-Rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber) and the mutant hyh (hydrocephalus with hop gait) mice. The morphological study of their spinal cords shows that the tissue substituting the central canal is not similar to that found in humans. In both NMR and hyh mice, the central canal is replaced by tissue reminiscent of normal lamina X and may include small groups of ependymal cells in the midline, partially resembling specific domains of the former canal. However, no features of the adult human ependymal remnant are found, suggesting that this structure is a specific human trait. In order to shed some more light on the mechanism of human central canal closure, we provide new data suggesting that canal patency is lost by delamination of the ependymal epithelium, in a process that includes apical polarity loss and the expression of signaling mediators involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transitions.MDPI AG2021202120212021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion19 p.application/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/180395Articles publicats en revistes (Institut d'lnvestigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL))reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésReproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092235Cells, 2021, vol. 10, num. 9, p. 2235https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092235cc by (c) Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro et al, 2021http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:2445/1803952026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals
title The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals
spellingShingle The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals
Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro
Medul·la espinal
Mamífers
Spinal cord
Mammals
title_short The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals
title_full The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals
title_fullStr The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals
title_full_unstemmed The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals
title_sort The Structure of the Spinal Cord Ependymal Region in Adult Humans Is a Distinctive Trait among Mammals
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro
Paniagua Torija, Beatriz
Arevalo Martin, Angel
Faulkes, Christopher Guy
Jiménez, Antonio Jesús
Ferrer, Isidre
Molina Holgado, Eduardo
Garcia Ovejero, Daniel
author Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro
author_facet Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro
Paniagua Torija, Beatriz
Arevalo Martin, Angel
Faulkes, Christopher Guy
Jiménez, Antonio Jesús
Ferrer, Isidre
Molina Holgado, Eduardo
Garcia Ovejero, Daniel
author_role author
author2 Paniagua Torija, Beatriz
Arevalo Martin, Angel
Faulkes, Christopher Guy
Jiménez, Antonio Jesús
Ferrer, Isidre
Molina Holgado, Eduardo
Garcia Ovejero, Daniel
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Medul·la espinal
Mamífers
Spinal cord
Mammals
topic Medul·la espinal
Mamífers
Spinal cord
Mammals
description In species that regenerate the injured spinal cord, the ependymal region is a source of new cells and a prominent coordinator of regeneration. In mammals, cells at the ependymal region proliferate in normal conditions and react after injury, but in humans, the central canal is lost in the majority of individuals from early childhood. It is replaced by a structure that does not proliferate after damage and is formed by large accumulations of ependymal cells, strong astrogliosis and perivascular pseudo-rosettes. We inform here of two additional mammals that lose the central canal during their lifetime: the Naked Mole-Rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber) and the mutant hyh (hydrocephalus with hop gait) mice. The morphological study of their spinal cords shows that the tissue substituting the central canal is not similar to that found in humans. In both NMR and hyh mice, the central canal is replaced by tissue reminiscent of normal lamina X and may include small groups of ependymal cells in the midline, partially resembling specific domains of the former canal. However, no features of the adult human ependymal remnant are found, suggesting that this structure is a specific human trait. In order to shed some more light on the mechanism of human central canal closure, we provide new data suggesting that canal patency is lost by delamination of the ependymal epithelium, in a process that includes apical polarity loss and the expression of signaling mediators involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transitions.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021
2021
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2445/180395
url https://hdl.handle.net/2445/180395
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092235
Cells, 2021, vol. 10, num. 9, p. 2235
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092235
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc by (c) Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro et al, 2021
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv cc by (c) Torrillas de la Cal, Alejandro et al, 2021
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 19 p.
application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI AG
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI AG
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Articles publicats en revistes (Institut d'lnvestigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL))
reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,81155

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