Lowest low fertility in Spain: insights from the 2018 Spanish fertility survey

BACKGROUND. Spain has one of the most enduring low levels of fertility in the world, but desired fertility there is still close to two children. OBJECTIVES. We document recent fertility trends and examine the reasons that women and men provide for not achieving their desired fertility. METHOD. We us...

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Authors: Lozano, Mariona, Esteve, Albert, Boertien, Diederik, Mogi, Ryohei, Cui, Qi
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2024
Country:España
Institution:Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Repository:Repositorio Digital de la UPF
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/70797
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70797
http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DEMRES.2024.51.19
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Fecunditat -- Espanya
Fecunditat -- Enquestes -- Espanya
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spelling Lowest low fertility in Spain: insights from the 2018 Spanish fertility surveyLozano, MarionaEsteve, AlbertBoertien, Diederik Mogi, Ryohei Cui, QiFecunditat -- EspanyaFecunditat -- Enquestes -- EspanyaBACKGROUND. Spain has one of the most enduring low levels of fertility in the world, but desired fertility there is still close to two children. OBJECTIVES. We document recent fertility trends and examine the reasons that women and men provide for not achieving their desired fertility. METHOD. We use data from the 2018 Spanish Fertility Survey (14,556 women and 2,619 men). We provide a cohort and age perspective and compare women and men. We use retrospective information and classify the reasons people report for not having (more) children. RESULTS. Estimates on observed fertility, employment, and partnerships show that having a stable partner between the ages of 25 and 35 seems key in the transition to childbearing. Work-family conflicts and insufficient economic resources are the main reasons women and men give for not having their desired number of children. These are followed by partnership reasons (not having a stable partner) and health (infertility). CONCLUSIONS. Our findings, although descriptive, shed light on the multiple and age-varying obstacles that prevent women and men from achieving desired levels of fertility. CONTRIBUTION. The Spanish population indicates that the most important preconditions for having (more) children are sufficient economic resources, stability, and having a partner.This paper acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Ref. RYC-2021-034487-I), La Caixa Foundation Social Research Call (Ref. RS23-00090) (ML), the Spanish Ministry of Education (Ref. PID2021-124267OB-I00) (AE &DB), and the Spanish Ministry of Science (Ref. RYC2019-026510-I) (DB), the European Research Council, ERC-2020-STG-948557-MINEQ (DB) and Advanced Grant - 101052787 - CORESIDENCE (AE), MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the FSE+ for the project: JDC2022-049247-I, and ERC, Born Once - Die Once, 10104398 (RM). Finally support came from the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya (ML, AE, DB).Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research2025202520242025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/70797http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DEMRES.2024.51.19reponame:Repositorio Digital de la UPFinstname:Universitat Pompeu FabraInglésDemographic Research. 2024;51:625-36info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PE/PID2021-124267OB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/948557HE/101052787This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, 3.0 Germany (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/legalcode). Lozano M, Esteve A, Boertien D, Mogi R, Cui Q. Lowest low fertility in Spain: insights from the 2018 Spanish fertility survey. Demographic Research. 2024;51:625-36. DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2024.51.19http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/legalcodeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/707972026-06-12T07:21:37Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Lowest low fertility in Spain: insights from the 2018 Spanish fertility survey
title Lowest low fertility in Spain: insights from the 2018 Spanish fertility survey
spellingShingle Lowest low fertility in Spain: insights from the 2018 Spanish fertility survey
Lozano, Mariona
Fecunditat -- Espanya
Fecunditat -- Enquestes -- Espanya
title_short Lowest low fertility in Spain: insights from the 2018 Spanish fertility survey
title_full Lowest low fertility in Spain: insights from the 2018 Spanish fertility survey
title_fullStr Lowest low fertility in Spain: insights from the 2018 Spanish fertility survey
title_full_unstemmed Lowest low fertility in Spain: insights from the 2018 Spanish fertility survey
title_sort Lowest low fertility in Spain: insights from the 2018 Spanish fertility survey
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Lozano, Mariona
Esteve, Albert
Boertien, Diederik
Mogi, Ryohei
Cui, Qi
author Lozano, Mariona
author_facet Lozano, Mariona
Esteve, Albert
Boertien, Diederik
Mogi, Ryohei
Cui, Qi
author_role author
author2 Esteve, Albert
Boertien, Diederik
Mogi, Ryohei
Cui, Qi
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Fecunditat -- Espanya
Fecunditat -- Enquestes -- Espanya
topic Fecunditat -- Espanya
Fecunditat -- Enquestes -- Espanya
description BACKGROUND. Spain has one of the most enduring low levels of fertility in the world, but desired fertility there is still close to two children. OBJECTIVES. We document recent fertility trends and examine the reasons that women and men provide for not achieving their desired fertility. METHOD. We use data from the 2018 Spanish Fertility Survey (14,556 women and 2,619 men). We provide a cohort and age perspective and compare women and men. We use retrospective information and classify the reasons people report for not having (more) children. RESULTS. Estimates on observed fertility, employment, and partnerships show that having a stable partner between the ages of 25 and 35 seems key in the transition to childbearing. Work-family conflicts and insufficient economic resources are the main reasons women and men give for not having their desired number of children. These are followed by partnership reasons (not having a stable partner) and health (infertility). CONCLUSIONS. Our findings, although descriptive, shed light on the multiple and age-varying obstacles that prevent women and men from achieving desired levels of fertility. CONTRIBUTION. The Spanish population indicates that the most important preconditions for having (more) children are sufficient economic resources, stability, and having a partner.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70797
http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DEMRES.2024.51.19
url http://hdl.handle.net/10230/70797
http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DEMRES.2024.51.19
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Demographic Research. 2024;51:625-36
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PE/PID2021-124267OB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/948557
HE/101052787
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/legalcode
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/legalcode
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Digital de la UPF
instname:Universitat Pompeu Fabra
instname_str Universitat Pompeu Fabra
reponame_str Repositorio Digital de la UPF
collection Repositorio Digital de la UPF
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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