Nature-based tourism as a form of predation risk affects body condition and health state of Podarcis muralis lizards

Nature-based tourism has experienced a greater increase, and, even although it might have deleterious effects for many wildlife species, its consequences remains little explored. Many lizard species are endangered and tourism has been proposed as a potential factor responsible of the decline of seve...

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Autores: Amo, Luisa, López Martínez, Pilar, Martín Rueda, José
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión enviada para evaluación y publicación
Fecha de publicación:2006
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/379102
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/379102
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Lacertids
Walking paths
Antipredatory behaviour
Parasites
Immunocompetence
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spelling Nature-based tourism as a form of predation risk affects body condition and health state of Podarcis muralis lizardsAmo, LuisaLópez Martínez, PilarMartín Rueda, JoséLacertidsWalking pathsAntipredatory behaviourParasitesImmunocompetenceNature-based tourism has experienced a greater increase, and, even although it might have deleterious effects for many wildlife species, its consequences remains little explored. Many lizard species are endangered and tourism has been proposed as a potential factor responsible of the decline of several lizards' populations, but no study has examined the effect of tourism on lizards' behaviour, body condition and health state. Many lizards respond to people as if they were predators, by readily escaping to refuges. However, an increase in the frequency of these antipredatory strategies can lead to a loss of body condition, which may have important consequences for short and long term fitness. We analysed the effects of tourism on escape behaviour of common wall lizards, Podarcis muralis, as well as on their body condition and health state (ectoparasites, blood parasites, and cell mediated immune response). Results showed that lizards did not modify their escape behaviour in response to tourism. Lizards had similar approach and flight distances, and escape strategies regardless of the level of tourism pressure. However, lizards inhabiting areas with high tourism levels, where they presumably needed to perform antipredatory behaviours more often, showed higher intensity of infection by ticks and lower body condition at the end of the breeding period. Moreover, lizards with poorer body condition had lower cell mediated immune responses. Therefore, tourism seems to have deleterious effects on body condition and on host-parasite relationships in this lizard species. These effects should be taking into account when designing walking paths in protected areas. Our study reports evidence that regardless lizards showed similar escape behaviour in tourist than in natural areas, their body condition and health state should be also examined to accurately assess the actual effects of tourism on lizards' populations. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.We thank J.W. Mallord and one anonymous reviewer for helpful comments, “El Ventorrillo” MNCN Field Station for use of their facilities, and “Centro de Educación Ambiental Valle de la Fuenfrı´a” (Consejerı´a de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio de la Comunidad de Madrid) for kindly providing information about the number of visitants in the area. Financial support was provided to L. Amo by an “El Ventorrillo” CSIC Grant, to P. López by a the MCYT Project BOS 2002-00598, and to J. Martı´n by the MCYT Project BOS 2002-00547.NoElsevierMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)Comunidad de MadridMinisterio de Ciencia y Tecnología (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252006info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Preprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/379102reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Ingléshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.02.015Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3791022026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Nature-based tourism as a form of predation risk affects body condition and health state of Podarcis muralis lizards
title Nature-based tourism as a form of predation risk affects body condition and health state of Podarcis muralis lizards
spellingShingle Nature-based tourism as a form of predation risk affects body condition and health state of Podarcis muralis lizards
Amo, Luisa
Lacertids
Walking paths
Antipredatory behaviour
Parasites
Immunocompetence
title_short Nature-based tourism as a form of predation risk affects body condition and health state of Podarcis muralis lizards
title_full Nature-based tourism as a form of predation risk affects body condition and health state of Podarcis muralis lizards
title_fullStr Nature-based tourism as a form of predation risk affects body condition and health state of Podarcis muralis lizards
title_full_unstemmed Nature-based tourism as a form of predation risk affects body condition and health state of Podarcis muralis lizards
title_sort Nature-based tourism as a form of predation risk affects body condition and health state of Podarcis muralis lizards
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Amo, Luisa
López Martínez, Pilar
Martín Rueda, José
author Amo, Luisa
author_facet Amo, Luisa
López Martínez, Pilar
Martín Rueda, José
author_role author
author2 López Martínez, Pilar
Martín Rueda, José
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
Comunidad de Madrid
Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Lacertids
Walking paths
Antipredatory behaviour
Parasites
Immunocompetence
topic Lacertids
Walking paths
Antipredatory behaviour
Parasites
Immunocompetence
description Nature-based tourism has experienced a greater increase, and, even although it might have deleterious effects for many wildlife species, its consequences remains little explored. Many lizard species are endangered and tourism has been proposed as a potential factor responsible of the decline of several lizards' populations, but no study has examined the effect of tourism on lizards' behaviour, body condition and health state. Many lizards respond to people as if they were predators, by readily escaping to refuges. However, an increase in the frequency of these antipredatory strategies can lead to a loss of body condition, which may have important consequences for short and long term fitness. We analysed the effects of tourism on escape behaviour of common wall lizards, Podarcis muralis, as well as on their body condition and health state (ectoparasites, blood parasites, and cell mediated immune response). Results showed that lizards did not modify their escape behaviour in response to tourism. Lizards had similar approach and flight distances, and escape strategies regardless of the level of tourism pressure. However, lizards inhabiting areas with high tourism levels, where they presumably needed to perform antipredatory behaviours more often, showed higher intensity of infection by ticks and lower body condition at the end of the breeding period. Moreover, lizards with poorer body condition had lower cell mediated immune responses. Therefore, tourism seems to have deleterious effects on body condition and on host-parasite relationships in this lizard species. These effects should be taking into account when designing walking paths in protected areas. Our study reports evidence that regardless lizards showed similar escape behaviour in tourist than in natural areas, their body condition and health state should be also examined to accurately assess the actual effects of tourism on lizards' populations. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
publishDate 2006
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2006
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Preprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion
format article
status_str submittedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/379102
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/379102
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.02.015
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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