Stroke related mortality at different altitudes: A 17-year nationwide population-based analysis from Ecuador

Worldwide, more than 5.7% of the population reside above 1,500m of elevation. It has been hypothesized that acute short-term hypoxia exposure could increase the risk of developing a stroke. Studies assessing the effect of altitude on stroke have provided conflicting results, some analyses suggest th...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Ortiz-Prado, Esteban, Espinosa, Patricio S., Borrero, Alfredo, Cordovez, Simone Pierina, Vásconez González, Jorge Eduardo, Barreto-Grimales, Alejandra, Coral-Almeida, Marco, Henríquez-Trujillo, Aquiles R., Simbaña-Rivera, Katherine, Gomez-Barreno, Lenin, Viscor Carrasco, Ginés, Roderick, Paul
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
OAI Identifier:oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/184771
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/184771
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Mortalitat
Angiogènesi
Influència de l'altitud
Equador
Mortality
Neovascularization
Influence of altitude
Ecuador
Descripción
Sumario:Worldwide, more than 5.7% of the population reside above 1,500m of elevation. It has been hypothesized that acute short-term hypoxia exposure could increase the risk of developing a stroke. Studies assessing the effect of altitude on stroke have provided conflicting results, some analyses suggest that long-term chronic exposure could be associated with reduced mortality and lower stroke incidence rates. An ecological analysis of all stroke hospital admissions, mortality rates and disability-adjusted life years in Ecuador was performed from 2001-2017. The cases and population at risk were categorized in low (<1,500m), moderate (1,500m -2,500m), high (2,500m -3,500m) and very high altitude (3,500-5,500m) according to the place of residence. The derived crude and direct standardized age-sex adjusted mortality and hospital admission rates were calculated. A total of 38,201 deaths and 75,893 stroke-related hospital admissions were reported. High altitude populations (HAP) had lower stroke mortality in men (OR: 0.91 [0.88 - 0.95]) and women (OR: 0.83 [0.79 - 0.86]). In addition, HAP had a significant lower risk of getting admitted to the hospital when compared with the low altitude group in men (OR: 0.55 [CI95% 0.54 - 0.56]) and women (OR: 0.65 [CI95% [0.64 - 0.66]). This is the first epidemiological study that aims to elucidate the association between stroke and altitude using four different elevation ranges. Our findings suggest that living at higher elevations offers a reduction or the risk of dying due to stroke as well as a reduction in the probability of being admitted to the hospital. Nevertheless, this protective factor has a stronger effect between 2,000m to 3,500 m.