Desarrollo de una herramienta de análisis de riesgo microbiológico en plantas potabilizadoras de agua como soporte a la toma de decisiones de inversión y operación
[EN] Since the past two decades a new special interest in water works sector has become, related to the water quality safety quantification, and the new legislations will change in that direction, recommended by Wolrd Health Organization, with the Water Safety Plans. Microbiology is included in this...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2015 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) |
| Repositorio: | RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/58770 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/58770 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Análisis de riesgos Riesgo microbiológico Cryptosporidium Planta potabilizadora Toma de decisiones INGENIERIA HIDRAULICA |
| Sumario: | [EN] Since the past two decades a new special interest in water works sector has become, related to the water quality safety quantification, and the new legislations will change in that direction, recommended by Wolrd Health Organization, with the Water Safety Plans. Microbiology is included in this safety, as logical. Generally, Microbiology present in drinking water is classified as no-resistent or as resistant to chemical disinfectants. The one that presents major risk to the systems is this second group. Since 1993, the main hazard over the water quality in the water supply systems from surface raw water is a protozoan, considered by World Health Organization, as the most dangerous emergent pathogen. Its name is cryptosporidium. It was the direct consequence of a waterborne outbreak that happened in Milwaukee, in April 1993, becoming more than four hundred thousand people ill, and almost one hundred people died, and the city was fully off. On the other hand, during more than fifty years, the "conventional treatment" has been the axis of drinking water production in most of the cities. In last years, more advanced treatments (membranes, electro-dialysis, etc) have been displacing conventional treatments. It is necessary to check if conventional treatments are capable to fight with these new hazards. So, in this scenario, it`s known that there is a new hazard and there're some classical treatments that, nobody knows exactly, its abilities against this hazard. In that point, this work, developing in detail a tool to quantify the risk for the operator making decision process, is interesting for water sector. This is a methodological tool able to quantify risk over the actual most important emergent pathogen, cryptosporidium, and applied in the most known, classical and extended treatment over the world, the conventional treatment In the first part of this Thesis a literature review is done, about emergent pathogens, the presence of cryptosporidium in raw water, the analysis reliability, and the quantification of elimination with different treatments. Then, models to calculate individual and social risk are reviewed. Models about investments in drinking water treatment plants are reviewed, too. In the second part of this Thesis, the model is developed, showing calculation structures and processes, as well as tools used in model making. The decision model making as a function of calculated risk is developed, too. The risk model is based on facility's simple on-line operational parameters. The results are the risk estimation for the served population, with the plant operating in this mode. The calculation process is done using Montecarlo simulation. The third part is an application to a case study, especially interesting and very illustrative. The model is applied into a real facility. With the results, it's possible to conclude interesting guidelines and policies about improving plant's operation mode. In the fourth part if this Thesis the general conclusions from the developed tasks are extracted, and also the future research ideas. The main conclusion of this Thesis is that conventional treatment is able to work as effective barrier against this hazard, but it is necessary to assess the risk of the plant while operating. Taking into account limitations of knowledge, risk estimation can get non tolerable levels. In that situation, the plant must make investments in the treatment o improving the operation, to get tolerable risk levels. It's quite probably that, if treatment parameter's on-line monitoring would have been integrated with a quantifying risk tool, like presented in this job, cryptosporidiosis waterborne outbreak in Milwaukee in 1993 due to water treatment plant's failure, may be, could be avoided or reduced. Finally, literature review references and the annexes. |
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