ESTUDIO PARA LA MEJORA DE LAS TÉCNICAS DE PROPAGACIÓN DE LA ALCAPARRA (Capparis spinosa L.)
Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a plant cultivated especially for its flower buds (capers), which are included in the Mediterranean diet. The main producing areas are in the more arid environments of Morocco, Iberia, Turkey and the Italian islands of Pantelleria and Salina. The general objective of t...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2017 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) |
| Repositorio: | RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/86185 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/86185 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Capparis spinosa, semilla, germinación, estaquillado. PRODUCCION VEGETAL |
| Sumario: | Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a plant cultivated especially for its flower buds (capers), which are included in the Mediterranean diet. The main producing areas are in the more arid environments of Morocco, Iberia, Turkey and the Italian islands of Pantelleria and Salina. The general objective of this PhD thesis is to establish the guidelines for obtaining an affordable propagation of C. spinosa, through the techniques that are commonly used in nurseries. Regarding to sexual propagation, the thesis deals with the aspects that have been less studied to date, such as the viability and deterioration of seeds during storage, imbibition, which is necessary for the germination of seeds, and that could potentially be the cause of the low germination percentages, and the effects of two scarification and stratification methods on seed germination and viability. From the different studies included in this section of the thesis it is concluded that by carrying out the germination tests immediately after the seed collection, germination percentages close to 100% can be reached, with the addition of AG3 to the substrate, with which it is possible to increase and to advance the germination. Germination of seeds decreases with increasing storage period, and from four years, increases the necessary period to reach 50% of germination. It has been determined the longevity of seeds belonging to lots of own production, which is between 4 and 4.5 years. It has been verified that the cover of the seed allows the entry of the water to the endosperm, through the discontinuity of the exotegmen next to the hilum. Furthermore, it has been verified an increase of the humidity of the endosperm after 48 h of soaking, reason why that it cannot be said that the cover of these seeds is impermeable, at least totally, and therefore it cannot be stated that they present physical dormancy. Of the scarification methods tested, the best result has been obtained with the incubation with the Trichoderma reesei complex, which causes a decrease in the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of the seeds, without damaging the embryo. With the warm stratification of the seeds it has been possible to increase and advance germination, which has also been achieved, but to a lesser extent, with the refrigerated stratification. In the vegetative propagation section, the influence of the characteristics of the cuttings used, such as the degree of lignification, the diameter and the position in the branch from which the cutting is obtained, is studied, in the rooting and shooting of the cuttings, as well as the use of various techniques with the aim of improving the rooting and shooting. The best results were obtained when the cutting was performed after the vegetative stop, immediately before bud sprouting (March in Valencia conditions). Propagation through hardwood or semi-hardwood cuttings is possible when they come from the basal part of the branch. Cuttings from the central position of the branch are only viable when a latent bud is present. The semi-hard wood cuttings of the central zone of the branch rooted with relative ease, but they do not develop aerial part because their buds have previously given rise to flowers or buds, not presenting latent buds. The best rooting and shooting results in hardwood cuttings have been obtained with the largest diameters, whereas, in semi-hardwood cuttings, better results have been obtained with the smaller diameters. In relation to the different techniques tested to improve the rooting and shooting of the cuttings, the treatment with low temperatures before planting, the sealing of the two ends of the cuttings with putty for grafting, and the injury of the base of the cuttings, leaded to improved results. |
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