Mercury species export from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean

The Fram Strait is the only deep connection between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. The main water and mercury (Hg) fluxes between these oceans occur via the Fram Strait and Barents Sea Opening. Several Hg mass balance studies indicated a net Hg export from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean. However,...

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Autores: Petrova, Mariia V., Krisch, Stephan, Lodeiro, Pablo, Valk, Ole, Dufour, Aurelie, Rijkenberg, Micha J.A., Achterberg, Eric P., Rabe, Benjamin, Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel, Hamelin, Bruno, Sonke, Jeroen E., Garnier, Cédric, Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
Repositorio:Repositori Obert UdL
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/70621
Acceso en línea:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103855
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/70621
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Fram Strait
Methylmercury
Mercury budget
Arctic Ocean
GEOTRACES
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spelling Mercury species export from the Arctic to the Atlantic OceanPetrova, Mariia V.Krisch, StephanLodeiro, PabloValk, OleDufour, AurelieRijkenberg, Micha J.A.Achterberg, Eric P.Rabe, BenjaminRutgers van der Loeff, MichielHamelin, BrunoSonke, Jeroen E.Garnier, CédricHeimbürger-Boavida, Lars-EricFram StraitMethylmercuryMercury budgetArctic OceanGEOTRACESThe Fram Strait is the only deep connection between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. The main water and mercury (Hg) fluxes between these oceans occur via the Fram Strait and Barents Sea Opening. Several Hg mass balance studies indicated a net Hg export from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean. However, in the absence of Hg measurements in the Fram Strait and Barents Sea Opening, these estimates were based on North Atlantic and central Arctic Ocean data alone. Here, we refine the Arctic total Hg (tHg) and methylated Hg (MeHg) mass budgets using new data acquired during the 2015 GEOTRACES (section GN04) TransArcII cruise in the Barents Sea Opening and the 2016 GEOTRACES (section GN05) GRIFF cruise, which covered the Fram Strait and Northeast Greenland Shelf. Total Hg increased westward along the Fram Strait transect, reaching the highest concentrations on the Northeast Greenland Shelf. Concentrations of tHg averaged 1.29 ± 0.43 pM in the East Greenland Current, while core waters of the West Spitsbergen Current had average values of 0.80 ± 0.26 pM. Using our new data, we estimate that 43 ± 9 Mg y−1 of tHg is transported to the Arctic Ocean in the core of the West Spitsbergen Current, while 54 ± 13 Mg y−1 of tHg is exported from the Arctic Ocean in the East Greenland Current and Recirculated Atlantic Water. This results in a net tHg export of 11 ± 8 Mg y−1via the Fram Strait. We find a shallow MeHg maximum (at 150 m depth) in the East Greenland Current, in agreement to what was reported for the central Arctic Ocean and Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The West Spitsbergen Current is characterized by lower MeHg concentrations and a deeper MeHg maximum, that is located at approximately 1000 m depth. We estimate a net MeHg export of 6 ± 2 Mg y−1 from the Arctic Ocean via the Fram Strait, which is nearly half of the exported tHg. Most of the exported MeHg is in the form of DMHg (2:1 ratio of dimethylmercury to monomethylmercury). Previous studies reported lower MeHg proportions. Our observations show that the Arctic Ocean is producing and exporting MeHg to the Atlantic Ocean. In total, the Arctic Ocean exports about 18 Mg y−1 of tHg to the Nordic Seas and North Atlantic via the Fram Strait and Davis Strait, of which 7.5 Mg y−1 is in the MeHg form.This work was funded by ERC StG (258537) to J.E.S., AXA Research Fund “Levering Knowledge Gaps To Understand And Anticipate Risks From Methylmercury Exposure” to L.E.H.B., Chantier Arctique Français PARCS-AMER to J.E.S., APOG DECOMAR to L.E.H.B.Elsevier2020info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103855http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/70621reponame:Repositori Obert UdL instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)InglésVersió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103855Marine Chemistry, 2020, vol. 225, p. 103855info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/258537cc-by-nc-nd (c) Elsevier, 2020info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/esoai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/706212026-06-24T12:42:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Mercury species export from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean
title Mercury species export from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean
spellingShingle Mercury species export from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean
Petrova, Mariia V.
Fram Strait
Methylmercury
Mercury budget
Arctic Ocean
GEOTRACES
title_short Mercury species export from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean
title_full Mercury species export from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean
title_fullStr Mercury species export from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean
title_full_unstemmed Mercury species export from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean
title_sort Mercury species export from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Petrova, Mariia V.
Krisch, Stephan
Lodeiro, Pablo
Valk, Ole
Dufour, Aurelie
Rijkenberg, Micha J.A.
Achterberg, Eric P.
Rabe, Benjamin
Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel
Hamelin, Bruno
Sonke, Jeroen E.
Garnier, Cédric
Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric
author Petrova, Mariia V.
author_facet Petrova, Mariia V.
Krisch, Stephan
Lodeiro, Pablo
Valk, Ole
Dufour, Aurelie
Rijkenberg, Micha J.A.
Achterberg, Eric P.
Rabe, Benjamin
Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel
Hamelin, Bruno
Sonke, Jeroen E.
Garnier, Cédric
Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric
author_role author
author2 Krisch, Stephan
Lodeiro, Pablo
Valk, Ole
Dufour, Aurelie
Rijkenberg, Micha J.A.
Achterberg, Eric P.
Rabe, Benjamin
Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel
Hamelin, Bruno
Sonke, Jeroen E.
Garnier, Cédric
Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Fram Strait
Methylmercury
Mercury budget
Arctic Ocean
GEOTRACES
topic Fram Strait
Methylmercury
Mercury budget
Arctic Ocean
GEOTRACES
description The Fram Strait is the only deep connection between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. The main water and mercury (Hg) fluxes between these oceans occur via the Fram Strait and Barents Sea Opening. Several Hg mass balance studies indicated a net Hg export from the Arctic to the Atlantic Ocean. However, in the absence of Hg measurements in the Fram Strait and Barents Sea Opening, these estimates were based on North Atlantic and central Arctic Ocean data alone. Here, we refine the Arctic total Hg (tHg) and methylated Hg (MeHg) mass budgets using new data acquired during the 2015 GEOTRACES (section GN04) TransArcII cruise in the Barents Sea Opening and the 2016 GEOTRACES (section GN05) GRIFF cruise, which covered the Fram Strait and Northeast Greenland Shelf. Total Hg increased westward along the Fram Strait transect, reaching the highest concentrations on the Northeast Greenland Shelf. Concentrations of tHg averaged 1.29 ± 0.43 pM in the East Greenland Current, while core waters of the West Spitsbergen Current had average values of 0.80 ± 0.26 pM. Using our new data, we estimate that 43 ± 9 Mg y−1 of tHg is transported to the Arctic Ocean in the core of the West Spitsbergen Current, while 54 ± 13 Mg y−1 of tHg is exported from the Arctic Ocean in the East Greenland Current and Recirculated Atlantic Water. This results in a net tHg export of 11 ± 8 Mg y−1via the Fram Strait. We find a shallow MeHg maximum (at 150 m depth) in the East Greenland Current, in agreement to what was reported for the central Arctic Ocean and Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The West Spitsbergen Current is characterized by lower MeHg concentrations and a deeper MeHg maximum, that is located at approximately 1000 m depth. We estimate a net MeHg export of 6 ± 2 Mg y−1 from the Arctic Ocean via the Fram Strait, which is nearly half of the exported tHg. Most of the exported MeHg is in the form of DMHg (2:1 ratio of dimethylmercury to monomethylmercury). Previous studies reported lower MeHg proportions. Our observations show that the Arctic Ocean is producing and exporting MeHg to the Atlantic Ocean. In total, the Arctic Ocean exports about 18 Mg y−1 of tHg to the Nordic Seas and North Atlantic via the Fram Strait and Davis Strait, of which 7.5 Mg y−1 is in the MeHg form.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103855
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/70621
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103855
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/70621
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Versió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103855
Marine Chemistry, 2020, vol. 225, p. 103855
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/258537
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by-nc-nd (c) Elsevier, 2020
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by-nc-nd (c) Elsevier, 2020
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositori Obert UdL
instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
instname_str Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
reponame_str Repositori Obert UdL
collection Repositori Obert UdL
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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