Complex Body Wall Closure Defects in Seven Dog Fetuses: An Anatomic and CT Scan Study.

Body stalk anomaly (BSA) is a rare and usually fatal congenital disorder involving severe malformations of the body wall, limbs, spine, and internal organs. This study presents the first documented cases of BSA in seven dogs, offering new insights into how the disorder manifests in animals. The affe...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Martín Alguacil, María Nieves, Cozar, José M, Avedillo Cea, Luis Javier
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositorio:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/123582
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/123582
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:636.09:611
BSA classification
LBWC
Amniotic bands
Body stalk anomalies (BSAs)
Canine
Craniofacial malformations
Non-structural skeletal anomalies
Non-structural urogenital anomalies
Structural skeletal anomalies
Structural urogenital anomalies
Anatomía veterinaria
2401.01 Anatomía Animal
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oai_identifier_str oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/123582
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spelling Complex Body Wall Closure Defects in Seven Dog Fetuses: An Anatomic and CT Scan Study.Martín Alguacil, María NievesCozar, José MAvedillo Cea, Luis Javier636.09:611BSA classificationLBWCAmniotic bandsBody stalk anomalies (BSAs)CanineCraniofacial malformationsNon-structural skeletal anomaliesNon-structural urogenital anomaliesStructural skeletal anomaliesStructural urogenital anomaliesAnatomía veterinaria2401.01 Anatomía AnimalBody stalk anomaly (BSA) is a rare and usually fatal congenital disorder involving severe malformations of the body wall, limbs, spine, and internal organs. This study presents the first documented cases of BSA in seven dogs, offering new insights into how the disorder manifests in animals. The affected fetuses consistently exhibited major anomalies, including large abdominal wall defects, structural spinal abnormalities, and a variety of limb malformations ranging from partial agenesis and meromelia to phocomelia and complete amelia. Structural urogenital anomalies and orofacial clefts were also observed, aligning with similar findings in BSA cases reported in pigs and cats. These findings support the hypothesis of a multifactorial etiology involving early embryonic disruptions, such as abnormal folding of the embryo, rupture of the amniotic membrane, and vascular compromise. The frequent occurrence of abdominal wall defects alongside umbilical cord abnormalities further suggests a shared developmental pathway. This study also highlights the value of veterinary cases in comparative embryology and the need to assess congenital anomalies as part of a broader malformation complex. By expanding the phenotypic spectrum of BSA in domestic animals, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis and emphasizes the importance of further research into the genetic and environmental factors involved. Such efforts could lead to improved classification and diagnosis of complex congenital malformations, as well as facilitate cross-species comparisons.MDPIUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20252025-01-0120252025-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/123582reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1235822026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Complex Body Wall Closure Defects in Seven Dog Fetuses: An Anatomic and CT Scan Study.
title Complex Body Wall Closure Defects in Seven Dog Fetuses: An Anatomic and CT Scan Study.
spellingShingle Complex Body Wall Closure Defects in Seven Dog Fetuses: An Anatomic and CT Scan Study.
Martín Alguacil, María Nieves
636.09:611
BSA classification
LBWC
Amniotic bands
Body stalk anomalies (BSAs)
Canine
Craniofacial malformations
Non-structural skeletal anomalies
Non-structural urogenital anomalies
Structural skeletal anomalies
Structural urogenital anomalies
Anatomía veterinaria
2401.01 Anatomía Animal
title_short Complex Body Wall Closure Defects in Seven Dog Fetuses: An Anatomic and CT Scan Study.
title_full Complex Body Wall Closure Defects in Seven Dog Fetuses: An Anatomic and CT Scan Study.
title_fullStr Complex Body Wall Closure Defects in Seven Dog Fetuses: An Anatomic and CT Scan Study.
title_full_unstemmed Complex Body Wall Closure Defects in Seven Dog Fetuses: An Anatomic and CT Scan Study.
title_sort Complex Body Wall Closure Defects in Seven Dog Fetuses: An Anatomic and CT Scan Study.
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Martín Alguacil, María Nieves
Cozar, José M
Avedillo Cea, Luis Javier
author Martín Alguacil, María Nieves
author_facet Martín Alguacil, María Nieves
Cozar, José M
Avedillo Cea, Luis Javier
author_role author
author2 Cozar, José M
Avedillo Cea, Luis Javier
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 636.09:611
BSA classification
LBWC
Amniotic bands
Body stalk anomalies (BSAs)
Canine
Craniofacial malformations
Non-structural skeletal anomalies
Non-structural urogenital anomalies
Structural skeletal anomalies
Structural urogenital anomalies
Anatomía veterinaria
2401.01 Anatomía Animal
topic 636.09:611
BSA classification
LBWC
Amniotic bands
Body stalk anomalies (BSAs)
Canine
Craniofacial malformations
Non-structural skeletal anomalies
Non-structural urogenital anomalies
Structural skeletal anomalies
Structural urogenital anomalies
Anatomía veterinaria
2401.01 Anatomía Animal
description Body stalk anomaly (BSA) is a rare and usually fatal congenital disorder involving severe malformations of the body wall, limbs, spine, and internal organs. This study presents the first documented cases of BSA in seven dogs, offering new insights into how the disorder manifests in animals. The affected fetuses consistently exhibited major anomalies, including large abdominal wall defects, structural spinal abnormalities, and a variety of limb malformations ranging from partial agenesis and meromelia to phocomelia and complete amelia. Structural urogenital anomalies and orofacial clefts were also observed, aligning with similar findings in BSA cases reported in pigs and cats. These findings support the hypothesis of a multifactorial etiology involving early embryonic disruptions, such as abnormal folding of the embryo, rupture of the amniotic membrane, and vascular compromise. The frequent occurrence of abdominal wall defects alongside umbilical cord abnormalities further suggests a shared developmental pathway. This study also highlights the value of veterinary cases in comparative embryology and the need to assess congenital anomalies as part of a broader malformation complex. By expanding the phenotypic spectrum of BSA in domestic animals, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis and emphasizes the importance of further research into the genetic and environmental factors involved. Such efforts could lead to improved classification and diagnosis of complex congenital malformations, as well as facilitate cross-species comparisons.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-01-01
2025
2025-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/123582
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/123582
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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