Composite Mould Design with Multiphysics FEM Computations Guidance

Composite moulds constitute an attractive alternative to classical metallic moulds when used for components fabricated by processes such as Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM). However, there are many factors that have to be accounted for if a correct design of the moulds is sought after. In this paper, t...

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Autores: Garmendia Azurmendi, Ignacio, Vallejo, Haritz, Osés Orbegozo, Usue
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Universidad del País Vasco
Repositorio:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
OAI Identifier:oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/60101
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10810/60101
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:composite moulds
curing simulation
filling simulation
finite element method
thermo-electrical simulation
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spelling Composite Mould Design with Multiphysics FEM Computations GuidanceGarmendia Azurmendi, IgnacioVallejo, HaritzOsés Orbegozo, Usuecomposite mouldscuring simulationfilling simulationfinite element methodthermo-electrical simulationComposite moulds constitute an attractive alternative to classical metallic moulds when used for components fabricated by processes such as Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM). However, there are many factors that have to be accounted for if a correct design of the moulds is sought after. In this paper, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to help in the design of the mould. To do so, a thermo-electrical simulation has been performed through MSC-Marc in the preheating phase in order to ensure that the mould is able to be heated, through the Joule’s effect, according to the thermal cycle specified under operating conditions. Mean temperatures of 120 °C and 100 °C are predicted for the lower and upper semi-mould parts, respectively. Additionally, a thermo-electrical-mechanical calculation has been completed with MSC-Marc to calculate the tensile state along the system during the preheating stage. For the filling phase, the filling process itself has been simulated through RTM-Worx. Both the uniform- and non-uniform temperature distribution approaches have been used to assess the resulting effect. It has been found that this piece of software cannot model the temperature dependency of the resin and a numerical trick must have been applied in the second case to overcome it. Results have been found to be very dependent on the approach, the filling time being 73% greater when modelling a non-uniform temperature distribution. The correct behaviour of the mould during the filling stage, as a consequence of the filling pressure, has been also proved with a specific mechanical analysis conducted with MSC-Marc. Finally, the thermo-elastic response of the mould during the curing stage has been numerically assessed. This analysis has been made through MSC-Marc, paying special attention to the curing of the resin and the exothermic reaction that takes place. For the sake of accuracy, a user subroutine to include specific curing laws has been used. Material properties employed are also described in detail following a modified version of the Scott model, with curing properties extracted from experiments. All these detailed calculations have been the cornerstone to designing the composite mould and have also unveiled some capabilities that were missed in the commercial codes employed. Future versions of these commercial codes will have to deal with these weak points but, as a whole, the Finite Element Method is shown to be an appropriate tool for helping in the design of composite moulds.This work was developed under the European Seventh Framework Program, Theme 4, NMP—Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies, Project COEUS-TITAN [Grant Agreement no. CP-TP 246256-2].MDPIEuropean Commission2023202320232023info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/60101reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigacióninstname:Universidad del País VascoInglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/246256https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/11/2/41info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/601012026-06-18T09:23:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Composite Mould Design with Multiphysics FEM Computations Guidance
title Composite Mould Design with Multiphysics FEM Computations Guidance
spellingShingle Composite Mould Design with Multiphysics FEM Computations Guidance
Garmendia Azurmendi, Ignacio
composite moulds
curing simulation
filling simulation
finite element method
thermo-electrical simulation
title_short Composite Mould Design with Multiphysics FEM Computations Guidance
title_full Composite Mould Design with Multiphysics FEM Computations Guidance
title_fullStr Composite Mould Design with Multiphysics FEM Computations Guidance
title_full_unstemmed Composite Mould Design with Multiphysics FEM Computations Guidance
title_sort Composite Mould Design with Multiphysics FEM Computations Guidance
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Garmendia Azurmendi, Ignacio
Vallejo, Haritz
Osés Orbegozo, Usue
author Garmendia Azurmendi, Ignacio
author_facet Garmendia Azurmendi, Ignacio
Vallejo, Haritz
Osés Orbegozo, Usue
author_role author
author2 Vallejo, Haritz
Osés Orbegozo, Usue
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv composite moulds
curing simulation
filling simulation
finite element method
thermo-electrical simulation
topic composite moulds
curing simulation
filling simulation
finite element method
thermo-electrical simulation
description Composite moulds constitute an attractive alternative to classical metallic moulds when used for components fabricated by processes such as Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM). However, there are many factors that have to be accounted for if a correct design of the moulds is sought after. In this paper, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to help in the design of the mould. To do so, a thermo-electrical simulation has been performed through MSC-Marc in the preheating phase in order to ensure that the mould is able to be heated, through the Joule’s effect, according to the thermal cycle specified under operating conditions. Mean temperatures of 120 °C and 100 °C are predicted for the lower and upper semi-mould parts, respectively. Additionally, a thermo-electrical-mechanical calculation has been completed with MSC-Marc to calculate the tensile state along the system during the preheating stage. For the filling phase, the filling process itself has been simulated through RTM-Worx. Both the uniform- and non-uniform temperature distribution approaches have been used to assess the resulting effect. It has been found that this piece of software cannot model the temperature dependency of the resin and a numerical trick must have been applied in the second case to overcome it. Results have been found to be very dependent on the approach, the filling time being 73% greater when modelling a non-uniform temperature distribution. The correct behaviour of the mould during the filling stage, as a consequence of the filling pressure, has been also proved with a specific mechanical analysis conducted with MSC-Marc. Finally, the thermo-elastic response of the mould during the curing stage has been numerically assessed. This analysis has been made through MSC-Marc, paying special attention to the curing of the resin and the exothermic reaction that takes place. For the sake of accuracy, a user subroutine to include specific curing laws has been used. Material properties employed are also described in detail following a modified version of the Scott model, with curing properties extracted from experiments. All these detailed calculations have been the cornerstone to designing the composite mould and have also unveiled some capabilities that were missed in the commercial codes employed. Future versions of these commercial codes will have to deal with these weak points but, as a whole, the Finite Element Method is shown to be an appropriate tool for helping in the design of composite moulds.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2023
2023
2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10810/60101
url http://hdl.handle.net/10810/60101
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/246256
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/11/2/41
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
instname:Universidad del País Vasco
instname_str Universidad del País Vasco
reponame_str Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
collection Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.301603

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