Identifying the physical periods in the radio emission from the \u03b3-ray emitting binary LS I +61 303

Context. The γ-ray emitting binary system LS I +61 303 exhibits periodic emission across the electromagnetic spectrum, extending from radio frequencies up to the very-high-energy regime. The most prominent features are three periods with values P1 = 26.5 d, P2 = 26.9 d, and Plong = 4.6 years. Occasi...

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Autores: Bosch i Ramon, Valentí, Jaron, Frederic
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versão publicada
Data de publicação:2025
País:España
Recursos:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositório:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:2445/228430
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/228430
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Raigs X
Raigs gamma
X-rays
Gamma rays
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spelling Identifying the physical periods in the radio emission from the \u03b3-ray emitting binary LS I +61 303Bosch i Ramon, ValentíJaron, FredericRaigs XRaigs gammaX-raysGamma raysContext. The γ-ray emitting binary system LS I +61 303 exhibits periodic emission across the electromagnetic spectrum, extending from radio frequencies up to the very-high-energy regime. The most prominent features are three periods with values P1 = 26.5 d, P2 = 26.9 d, and Plong = 4.6 years. Occasionally, a fourth period of 26.7 d is also detected. Mathematically, these four periods are interrelated via the interference pattern of a beating. Competing scenarios that seek to determine which of these periods are physical and which are secondary are under debate. In addition, the detection of a fifth period, P3 = 26.3 d, was recently claimed. Aims. Our aim is to determine which of these periods are intrinsic (i.e., whether they are likely to be related to physical processes) and which of these are secondary (i.e., resulting from interference). We chose to avoid any assumption concerning the physical scenario and restricted our analysis to the phenomenology of the radio emission variability. Methods. We selected intervals from archival radio data and applied the generalized Lomb-Scargle periodogram. We fit the observational data to generate synthetic datasets that only contain specific signals in the form of pure sine waves. We analyzed these synthetic data to assess the impact of these signals and their interference on the light curves and the periodogram. Results. The two-peaked profile, consisting of P1 and P2, was detected in the periodogram of the actual data for intervals that are significantly shorter than Plong, provided that these intervals contain the minimum of the long-term modulation. The characteristics of the observational data and their periodogram could only be reproduced with synthetic data if these explicitly included all of the three periods, P1, P2, and Plong, with the residuals being limited by noise. Conclusions. We have found, for the first time, that all three periods, P1, P2, and Plong, could, in fact, correspond to physically real processes occurring in LS I +61 303. This should be considered when modeling the physical processes in this binary system.EDP Sciences2026202620252026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion13 p.application/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/228430Articles publicats en revistes (Física Quàntica i Astrofísica)reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésReproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557255Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2025, vol. 704, num.138, p. 1-13https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557255(c) The European Southern Observatory (ESO), 2025info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:2445/2284302026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Identifying the physical periods in the radio emission from the \u03b3-ray emitting binary LS I +61 303
title Identifying the physical periods in the radio emission from the \u03b3-ray emitting binary LS I +61 303
spellingShingle Identifying the physical periods in the radio emission from the \u03b3-ray emitting binary LS I +61 303
Bosch i Ramon, Valentí
Raigs X
Raigs gamma
X-rays
Gamma rays
title_short Identifying the physical periods in the radio emission from the \u03b3-ray emitting binary LS I +61 303
title_full Identifying the physical periods in the radio emission from the \u03b3-ray emitting binary LS I +61 303
title_fullStr Identifying the physical periods in the radio emission from the \u03b3-ray emitting binary LS I +61 303
title_full_unstemmed Identifying the physical periods in the radio emission from the \u03b3-ray emitting binary LS I +61 303
title_sort Identifying the physical periods in the radio emission from the \u03b3-ray emitting binary LS I +61 303
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bosch i Ramon, Valentí
Jaron, Frederic
author Bosch i Ramon, Valentí
author_facet Bosch i Ramon, Valentí
Jaron, Frederic
author_role author
author2 Jaron, Frederic
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Raigs X
Raigs gamma
X-rays
Gamma rays
topic Raigs X
Raigs gamma
X-rays
Gamma rays
description Context. The γ-ray emitting binary system LS I +61 303 exhibits periodic emission across the electromagnetic spectrum, extending from radio frequencies up to the very-high-energy regime. The most prominent features are three periods with values P1 = 26.5 d, P2 = 26.9 d, and Plong = 4.6 years. Occasionally, a fourth period of 26.7 d is also detected. Mathematically, these four periods are interrelated via the interference pattern of a beating. Competing scenarios that seek to determine which of these periods are physical and which are secondary are under debate. In addition, the detection of a fifth period, P3 = 26.3 d, was recently claimed. Aims. Our aim is to determine which of these periods are intrinsic (i.e., whether they are likely to be related to physical processes) and which of these are secondary (i.e., resulting from interference). We chose to avoid any assumption concerning the physical scenario and restricted our analysis to the phenomenology of the radio emission variability. Methods. We selected intervals from archival radio data and applied the generalized Lomb-Scargle periodogram. We fit the observational data to generate synthetic datasets that only contain specific signals in the form of pure sine waves. We analyzed these synthetic data to assess the impact of these signals and their interference on the light curves and the periodogram. Results. The two-peaked profile, consisting of P1 and P2, was detected in the periodogram of the actual data for intervals that are significantly shorter than Plong, provided that these intervals contain the minimum of the long-term modulation. The characteristics of the observational data and their periodogram could only be reproduced with synthetic data if these explicitly included all of the three periods, P1, P2, and Plong, with the residuals being limited by noise. Conclusions. We have found, for the first time, that all three periods, P1, P2, and Plong, could, in fact, correspond to physically real processes occurring in LS I +61 303. This should be considered when modeling the physical processes in this binary system.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2026
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2445/228430
url https://hdl.handle.net/2445/228430
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557255
Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2025, vol. 704, num.138, p. 1-13
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557255
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv (c) The European Southern Observatory (ESO), 2025
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv (c) The European Southern Observatory (ESO), 2025
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 13 p.
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Articles publicats en revistes (Física Quàntica i Astrofísica)
reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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