Understanding embrittlement in ceramic-loaded filaments: insights for additive manufacturing of 3-YSZ
Binder formulation is essential for successful Material Extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing of ceramics, especially with filament-MEX, where the brittle nature of highly ceramic-loaded filaments presents ongoing challenges. This study focuses on the common yet complex phenomenon of filament embri...
| Autores: | , , , |
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| Formato: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Fundación Dialnet. Universidad de La Rioja |
| Repositorio: | RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/45836 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-01-2025-0022 https://hdl.handle.net/10578/45836 https://www.emerald.com/rpj/article-abstract/31/10/2259/1275873/Understanding-embrittlement-in-ceramic-loaded?redirectedFrom=fulltext |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | 3D printing Additive manufacturing Binder formulation Ceramics Filament embrittlement Filament lifetime |
| Resumo: | Binder formulation is essential for successful Material Extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing of ceramics, especially with filament-MEX, where the brittle nature of highly ceramic-loaded filaments presents ongoing challenges. This study focuses on the common yet complex phenomenon of filament embrittlement, which limits the long-term use of printable filaments as they become unmanageable, restricting their marketability. Through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical testing of freshly extruded and aged filaments, this research elucidates the embrittlement mechanism. Special attention is directed towards the extrusion process, where the binder structure is established. The sensitivity of paraffin, a common binder constituent, to the rapid solidification (up to 89 ºC·min-1 measured with thermography), is studied through the melting enthalpy and Kissinger equation. It is observed that paraffin crystallization is impeded during cooling in the presence of ceramics, evidenced by an increase in the activation energy from 245 kJ·mol-1 to 356.83 kJ·mol-1, enhancing the crystallization barrier for this binder constituent. Recrystallization is confirmed through an increase in the melting enthalpy from 133.82 J·g-1 to 253.46 J·g-1, which accompanied a decrease in filament performance and manageability. This study highlights for the first time that the extrusion step and the presence of ceramic powders strongly impacts filament structure-properties relationship, proving the dynamism of binders‘ crystalline structure within filaments and emphasizing validation over time. These findings manifest the necessity of filament monitorization together with the stablished printability criteria for the long-term validation of binder formulations. |
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