Recovery of Rare Earths from End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets from Wind Turbines

This work aims to recover rare earths from wind turbines NdFeB magnets through pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques. First, a NdFeB hydride powder is obtained by decrepitation with hydrogen. Subsequently, this powder was subjected to a chlorination roasting process and successive leac...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Alcaraz, Lorena, Rodríguez-Largo, Olga, Barquero-Carmona, Gorka, Berja, Alba, Quesada, Adrián, López, Félix A.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/404072
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/404072
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85218237309&doi=10.1002%2Fcssc.202402237&partnerID=40&md5=e1a4fcf7e342c371d899c6eb14600e49
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:critical-raw materials
NdFeB permanent magnets
rare earths
recovery
recycling
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spelling Recovery of Rare Earths from End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets from Wind TurbinesAlcaraz, LorenaRodríguez-Largo, OlgaBarquero-Carmona, GorkaBerja, AlbaQuesada, AdriánLópez, Félix A.critical-raw materialsNdFeB permanent magnetsrare earthsrecoveryrecyclingThis work aims to recover rare earths from wind turbines NdFeB magnets through pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques. First, a NdFeB hydride powder is obtained by decrepitation with hydrogen. Subsequently, this powder was subjected to a chlorination roasting process and successive leaching with water to bring the metals into solution. This was followed by a liquid-liquid extraction to remove the iron and purify the rare earth solution. For this purpose, Aliquat 336 diluted in Solvesso was selected as the iron selective extraction agent. As a single extraction was not enough for complete iron removal, a second Fe extraction step was carried out. This second extraction step was performed using the restored organic phase. This restoration was achieved by treating the organic phase with Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>3</inf> and then washing it with a 3 M HCl solution. In this way, the process was achieved more sustainably. Finally, the rare earths contained in the final solution were precipitated using oxalic acid to obtain mixed rare earth oxalates. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.We acknowledge funding from the EIT Raw Materials, co-funded by the European Commission, through Project INSPIRES (20090), from the European Commission through Horizon Europe project BEETHOVEN (101129912) and from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades through projects PID2021-124585NB−C33, PCI2024-153493, TED2021-130957B−C51, CNS2022-135876 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or HADEA. Neither the European Union nor the HADEA can be held responsible for them.this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors at DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202402237Peer reviewedJohn Wiley & SonsEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/404072https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85218237309&doi=10.1002%2Fcssc.202402237&partnerID=40&md5=e1a4fcf7e342c371d899c6eb14600e49reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101129912info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-124585NB-C33info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PCI2024-153493info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//info:eu-repo/grantAgreement///ChemSusChemhttps://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202402237Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4040722026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Recovery of Rare Earths from End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets from Wind Turbines
title Recovery of Rare Earths from End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets from Wind Turbines
spellingShingle Recovery of Rare Earths from End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets from Wind Turbines
Alcaraz, Lorena
critical-raw materials
NdFeB permanent magnets
rare earths
recovery
recycling
title_short Recovery of Rare Earths from End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets from Wind Turbines
title_full Recovery of Rare Earths from End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets from Wind Turbines
title_fullStr Recovery of Rare Earths from End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets from Wind Turbines
title_full_unstemmed Recovery of Rare Earths from End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets from Wind Turbines
title_sort Recovery of Rare Earths from End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets from Wind Turbines
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Alcaraz, Lorena
Rodríguez-Largo, Olga
Barquero-Carmona, Gorka
Berja, Alba
Quesada, Adrián
López, Félix A.
author Alcaraz, Lorena
author_facet Alcaraz, Lorena
Rodríguez-Largo, Olga
Barquero-Carmona, Gorka
Berja, Alba
Quesada, Adrián
López, Félix A.
author_role author
author2 Rodríguez-Largo, Olga
Barquero-Carmona, Gorka
Berja, Alba
Quesada, Adrián
López, Félix A.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Commission
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv critical-raw materials
NdFeB permanent magnets
rare earths
recovery
recycling
topic critical-raw materials
NdFeB permanent magnets
rare earths
recovery
recycling
description This work aims to recover rare earths from wind turbines NdFeB magnets through pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques. First, a NdFeB hydride powder is obtained by decrepitation with hydrogen. Subsequently, this powder was subjected to a chlorination roasting process and successive leaching with water to bring the metals into solution. This was followed by a liquid-liquid extraction to remove the iron and purify the rare earth solution. For this purpose, Aliquat 336 diluted in Solvesso was selected as the iron selective extraction agent. As a single extraction was not enough for complete iron removal, a second Fe extraction step was carried out. This second extraction step was performed using the restored organic phase. This restoration was achieved by treating the organic phase with Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>3</inf> and then washing it with a 3 M HCl solution. In this way, the process was achieved more sustainably. Finally, the rare earths contained in the final solution were precipitated using oxalic acid to obtain mixed rare earth oxalates. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/404072
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85218237309&doi=10.1002%2Fcssc.202402237&partnerID=40&md5=e1a4fcf7e342c371d899c6eb14600e49
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/404072
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85218237309&doi=10.1002%2Fcssc.202402237&partnerID=40&md5=e1a4fcf7e342c371d899c6eb14600e49
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101129912
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-124585NB-C33
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PCI2024-153493
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement///
ChemSusChem
https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202402237
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons
publisher.none.fl_str_mv John Wiley & Sons
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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