Lensed stars in galaxy─galaxy strong lensing ─ a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe

We explore for the first time the possibility of detecting lensed star transients in galaxy–galaxy strong lensing systems upon repeated, deep imaging using the James Webb Space Telescope ( JWST ). Our calculation predicts that the extremely high recent star formation rate of ∼140 M yr −1 over the la...

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Autores: Li, Sung Kei, Weisenbach, Luke, Collett, Thomas E., Diego, José María, Lim, Jeremy, Broadhurst, Tom, Chow, Alex, Enzi, Wolfgang J. R., Kelly, Patrick L., Melo-Carneiro, Carlos R., Palencia, Jose María, Williams, Liliya L. R., Zhang, Jiashuo
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/412582
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/412582
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Gravitational lensing: micro
Gravitational lensing: strong
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repository_id_str
spelling Lensed stars in galaxy─galaxy strong lensing ─ a JWST prediction for the Cosmic HorseshoeLi, Sung KeiWeisenbach, LukeCollett, Thomas E.Diego, José MaríaLim, JeremyBroadhurst, TomChow, AlexEnzi, Wolfgang J. R.Kelly, Patrick L.Melo-Carneiro, Carlos R.Palencia, Jose MaríaWilliams, Liliya L. R.Zhang, JiashuoGravitational lensing: microGravitational lensing: strongWe explore for the first time the possibility of detecting lensed star transients in galaxy–galaxy strong lensing systems upon repeated, deep imaging using the James Webb Space Telescope ( JWST ). Our calculation predicts that the extremely high recent star formation rate of ∼140 M yr −1 over the last 50 Myr (not accounting for image multiplicity) in the ‘Cosmic Horseshoe’ lensed system ( z = 2 . 381) generates many young, bright stars, of which their large abundance is expected to lead to a detection rate of ∼60 transients per pointing in JWST observations with a 5 σ limiting magnitude of ∼29 mAB . With the high expected detection rate and little room for uncertainty for the lens model compared with cluster lenses, our result suggests that the Cosmic Horseshoe could be an excellent tool to test the nature of dark matter based on the spatial distribution of transients, and can be used to constrain axion mass if dark matter is constituted of ultra-light axions. We also argue that the large distance modulus of ∼46 . 5 mag at z ≈ 2 . 4 can act as a filter to screen out less massive stars as transients and allow one to better constrain the high-mass end of the stellar initial mass function based on the transient detection rate. Follow-up JWST observations of the Cosmic Horseshoe would allow one to better probe the nature of dark matter and the star formation properties, such as the initial mass function at the cosmic noon, via lensed star transients.SKL, JL, and AC acknowledge support from the Research Grants Council (RGC) of Hong Kong through the General Research Fund (GRF) 17312122. LW, TEC, and WJRE acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (LensEra: grant agreement no. 945536). JMD acknowledges support from project PID2022-138896NB-C51 (MCIU/AEI/MINECO/FEDER, UE) Ministerio de Ciencia, Investigación y Universidades. CRM-C acknowledges the support of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), through grant 140899/2021-9.Peer reviewedOxford University PressResearch Grants Council (Hong Kong)European Research CouncilEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202620262025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/412582reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/945536info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-138896NB-C51The data are available at Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes with DOI: 10.17909/0m90-tq84https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1959Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4125822026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Lensed stars in galaxy─galaxy strong lensing ─ a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe
title Lensed stars in galaxy─galaxy strong lensing ─ a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe
spellingShingle Lensed stars in galaxy─galaxy strong lensing ─ a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe
Li, Sung Kei
Gravitational lensing: micro
Gravitational lensing: strong
title_short Lensed stars in galaxy─galaxy strong lensing ─ a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe
title_full Lensed stars in galaxy─galaxy strong lensing ─ a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe
title_fullStr Lensed stars in galaxy─galaxy strong lensing ─ a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe
title_full_unstemmed Lensed stars in galaxy─galaxy strong lensing ─ a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe
title_sort Lensed stars in galaxy─galaxy strong lensing ─ a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Li, Sung Kei
Weisenbach, Luke
Collett, Thomas E.
Diego, José María
Lim, Jeremy
Broadhurst, Tom
Chow, Alex
Enzi, Wolfgang J. R.
Kelly, Patrick L.
Melo-Carneiro, Carlos R.
Palencia, Jose María
Williams, Liliya L. R.
Zhang, Jiashuo
author Li, Sung Kei
author_facet Li, Sung Kei
Weisenbach, Luke
Collett, Thomas E.
Diego, José María
Lim, Jeremy
Broadhurst, Tom
Chow, Alex
Enzi, Wolfgang J. R.
Kelly, Patrick L.
Melo-Carneiro, Carlos R.
Palencia, Jose María
Williams, Liliya L. R.
Zhang, Jiashuo
author_role author
author2 Weisenbach, Luke
Collett, Thomas E.
Diego, José María
Lim, Jeremy
Broadhurst, Tom
Chow, Alex
Enzi, Wolfgang J. R.
Kelly, Patrick L.
Melo-Carneiro, Carlos R.
Palencia, Jose María
Williams, Liliya L. R.
Zhang, Jiashuo
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Research Grants Council (Hong Kong)
European Research Council
European Commission
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Gravitational lensing: micro
Gravitational lensing: strong
topic Gravitational lensing: micro
Gravitational lensing: strong
description We explore for the first time the possibility of detecting lensed star transients in galaxy–galaxy strong lensing systems upon repeated, deep imaging using the James Webb Space Telescope ( JWST ). Our calculation predicts that the extremely high recent star formation rate of ∼140 M yr −1 over the last 50 Myr (not accounting for image multiplicity) in the ‘Cosmic Horseshoe’ lensed system ( z = 2 . 381) generates many young, bright stars, of which their large abundance is expected to lead to a detection rate of ∼60 transients per pointing in JWST observations with a 5 σ limiting magnitude of ∼29 mAB . With the high expected detection rate and little room for uncertainty for the lens model compared with cluster lenses, our result suggests that the Cosmic Horseshoe could be an excellent tool to test the nature of dark matter based on the spatial distribution of transients, and can be used to constrain axion mass if dark matter is constituted of ultra-light axions. We also argue that the large distance modulus of ∼46 . 5 mag at z ≈ 2 . 4 can act as a filter to screen out less massive stars as transients and allow one to better constrain the high-mass end of the stellar initial mass function based on the transient detection rate. Follow-up JWST observations of the Cosmic Horseshoe would allow one to better probe the nature of dark matter and the star formation properties, such as the initial mass function at the cosmic noon, via lensed star transients.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/412582
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/412582
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/945536
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-138896NB-C51
The data are available at Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes with DOI: 10.17909/0m90-tq84
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1959

dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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