Extreme photometric and polarimetric variability of blazar S4 0954+65 at its maximum optical and γ-ray brightness levels

Full list of the authors: Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Carnerero, M. I.; Savchenko, S. S.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Vlasyuk, V. V.; Marchini, A.; Matsumoto, K.; Lorey, C.; Joner, M. D.; Gazeas, K.; Carosati, D.; Mirzaqulov, D. O.; Acosta Pulido, J. A.; Agudo, I.; Bachev, R.; Benítez, E.; Borman, G. A.; Ca...

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Autores: Raiteri, C. M., Agudo, Iván
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/356645
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/356645
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:BL Lacertae objects: general
BL Lacertae objects: individual: S4 0954+65
Galaxies: active
Galaxies: jets
id ES_366f8e3a11a5ded87de7769aaa38ba66
oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/356645
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Extreme photometric and polarimetric variability of blazar S4 0954+65 at its maximum optical and γ-ray brightness levels
title Extreme photometric and polarimetric variability of blazar S4 0954+65 at its maximum optical and γ-ray brightness levels
spellingShingle Extreme photometric and polarimetric variability of blazar S4 0954+65 at its maximum optical and γ-ray brightness levels
Raiteri, C. M.
BL Lacertae objects: general
BL Lacertae objects: individual: S4 0954+65
Galaxies: active
Galaxies: jets
title_short Extreme photometric and polarimetric variability of blazar S4 0954+65 at its maximum optical and γ-ray brightness levels
title_full Extreme photometric and polarimetric variability of blazar S4 0954+65 at its maximum optical and γ-ray brightness levels
title_fullStr Extreme photometric and polarimetric variability of blazar S4 0954+65 at its maximum optical and γ-ray brightness levels
title_full_unstemmed Extreme photometric and polarimetric variability of blazar S4 0954+65 at its maximum optical and γ-ray brightness levels
title_sort Extreme photometric and polarimetric variability of blazar S4 0954+65 at its maximum optical and γ-ray brightness levels
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Raiteri, C. M.
Agudo, Iván
author Raiteri, C. M.
author_facet Raiteri, C. M.
Agudo, Iván
author_role author
author2 Agudo, Iván
author2_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Research Council
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
European Commission
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv BL Lacertae objects: general
BL Lacertae objects: individual: S4 0954+65
Galaxies: active
Galaxies: jets
topic BL Lacertae objects: general
BL Lacertae objects: individual: S4 0954+65
Galaxies: active
Galaxies: jets
description Full list of the authors: Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Carnerero, M. I.; Savchenko, S. S.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Vlasyuk, V. V.; Marchini, A.; Matsumoto, K.; Lorey, C.; Joner, M. D.; Gazeas, K.; Carosati, D.; Mirzaqulov, D. O.; Acosta Pulido, J. A.; Agudo, I.; Bachev, R.; Benítez, E.; Borman, G. A.; Calcidese, P.; Chen, W. P.; Damljanovic, G.; Ehgamberdiev, S. A.; Elsässer, D.; Feige, M.; Frasca, A.; Gaur, H.; Grishina, T. S.; Gupta, A. C.; Hiriart, D.; Holland, M.; Horst, B.; Ibryamov, S.; Ivanidze, R. Z.; Jensen, J.; Jithesh, V.; Jovanovic, M. D.; Kiehlmann, S.; Kimeridze, G. N.; Kishore, S.; Kopatskaya, E. N.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Larionova, E. G.; Lin, H. C.; Mannheim, K.; Marinelli, C.; Moreira Reyes, J.; Morozova, D. A.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Reinhart, D.; Romanov, F. D.; Semkov, E.; Seufert, J.; Shishkina, E. V.; Sigua, L. A.; Skalidis, R.; Spiridonova, O. I.; Stojanovic, M.; Strigachev, A.; Troitskaya, Y. V.; Troitskiy, I. S.; Tsai, A.; Vasilyev, A. A.; Vince, O.; Vrontaki, K.; Wani, K.; Watts, D.; Zhovtan, A. V.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/356645
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/356645
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/771282
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/265772
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3064
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Oxford University Press
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Extreme photometric and polarimetric variability of blazar S4 0954+65 at its maximum optical and γ-ray brightness levelsRaiteri, C. M.Agudo, IvánBL Lacertae objects: generalBL Lacertae objects: individual: S4 0954+65Galaxies: activeGalaxies: jetsFull list of the authors: Raiteri, C. M.; Villata, M.; Carnerero, M. I.; Savchenko, S. S.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Vlasyuk, V. V.; Marchini, A.; Matsumoto, K.; Lorey, C.; Joner, M. D.; Gazeas, K.; Carosati, D.; Mirzaqulov, D. O.; Acosta Pulido, J. A.; Agudo, I.; Bachev, R.; Benítez, E.; Borman, G. A.; Calcidese, P.; Chen, W. P.; Damljanovic, G.; Ehgamberdiev, S. A.; Elsässer, D.; Feige, M.; Frasca, A.; Gaur, H.; Grishina, T. S.; Gupta, A. C.; Hiriart, D.; Holland, M.; Horst, B.; Ibryamov, S.; Ivanidze, R. Z.; Jensen, J.; Jithesh, V.; Jovanovic, M. D.; Kiehlmann, S.; Kimeridze, G. N.; Kishore, S.; Kopatskaya, E. N.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Larionova, E. G.; Lin, H. C.; Mannheim, K.; Marinelli, C.; Moreira Reyes, J.; Morozova, D. A.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Reinhart, D.; Romanov, F. D.; Semkov, E.; Seufert, J.; Shishkina, E. V.; Sigua, L. A.; Skalidis, R.; Spiridonova, O. I.; Stojanovic, M.; Strigachev, A.; Troitskaya, Y. V.; Troitskiy, I. S.; Tsai, A.; Vasilyev, A. A.; Vince, O.; Vrontaki, K.; Wani, K.; Watts, D.; Zhovtan, A. V.In 2022 the BL Lac object S4 0954+65 underwent a major variability phase, reaching its historical maximum brightness in the optical and γ-ray bands. We present optical photometric and polarimetric data acquired by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration from 2022 April 6 to July 6. Many episodes of unprecedented fast variability were detected, implying an upper limit to the size of the emitting region as low as parsec. The WEBT data show rapid variability in both the degree and angle of polarization. We analyse different models to explain the polarization behaviour in the framework of a twisting jet model, which assumes that the long-term trend of the flux is produced by variations in the emitting region viewing angle. All the models can reproduce the average trend of the polarization degree, and can account for its general anticorrelation with the flux, but the dispersion of the data requires the presence of intrinsic mechanisms, such as turbulence, shocks, or magnetic reconnection. The WEBT optical data are compared to γ-ray data from the Fermi satellite. These are analysed with both fixed and adaptive binning procedures. We show that the strong correlation between optical and γ-ray data without measurable delay assumes different slopes in faint and high brightness states, and this is compatible with a scenario where in faint states we mainly see the imprint of the geometrical effects, while in bright states the synchrotron self-Compton process dominates. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.We are indebted to Leslie Brown, Dmitry Blinov, Eduard V. Emelianov, Alexander S.Moskvitin, Timur A. Fatkhullin, Olga A. Maslennikova, Alexis Foretier, Lorenzo Pizzuti. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. HG and KW acknowledge financial support from the Department of Science and Technology, India, through an INSPIRE Faculty Award IFA17-PH197 at ARIES, Nainital, India. The R-band photometric data from the University of Athens Observatory (UOAO) were obtained after utilizing the robotic and remotely controlled instruments at the facilities (Gazeas 2016). This research was partially supported by the Bulgarian National Science Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science under grants KP-06-H38/4 (2019), KP-06-KITAJ/2 (2020), and KP-06-H68/4 (2022). KM acknowledges support from JSPS KAKENHI grant number 19K03930. This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the contract 075-15-2022-262. The SAO-RAS observations were carried out with the Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal facility. SK acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the grant agreement No 771282. GD, OV, MDJ, and MS acknowledge support by the Astronomical station Vidojevica, funding from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (contract No. 451-03-47/2023-01/200002), by the EC through project BELISSIMA (call FP7-REGPOT-2010-5, No. 265772), the observing and financial grant support from the Institute of Astronomy and Rozhen NAO BAS through the bilateral SANU-BAN joint research project 'GAIA astrometry and fast variable astronomical objects', and support by the SANU project F-187. MDJ thanks the Brigham Young University Department of Physics and Astronomy for continued support of the ongoing AGN monitoring program at the West Mountain Observatory. JAP acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) through the Spanish State Research Agency, under Severo Ochoa Program 2020-2023 (CEX2019-000920-S). This paper is partly based on observations made with the IAC-80 telescope operated on the island of Tenerife by the Instituto de Astrof'isica de Canarias in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide and on observations made with the LCOGT 0.4 m telescope network, one of whose nodes is located in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. EB acknowledges support from DGAPA-PAPIIT GRANT IN119123. This work is partly based upon observations carried out at the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional on the Sierra San Pedro Martir (OAN-SPM), Baja California, Mexico. VJ acknowledges the support provided by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) under the 'Fund for Improvement of S & T Infrastructure (FIST)' program (SR/FST/PS-I/2022/208).Oxford University PressEuropean Research CouncilMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)European CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2024202420232024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/356645reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/771282info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/265772http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3064Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3566452026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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