Hunting for complex cyanides in protostellar ices with the JWST: A tentative detection of CH3CN and C2H5CN

Nitrogen-bearing complex organic molecules have been commonly detected in the gas phase but not yet in interstellar ices. This has led to the long-standing question of whether these molecules form in the gas phase or in ices. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) offers the sensitivity, spectral res...

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Autores: Nazari, P., Rocha, W. R. M., Rubinstein, A. E., Slavicinska, K., Rachid, M. G., van Dishoeck, E. F., Megeath, S. T., Gutermuth, R., Tyagi, H., Brunken, N., Narang, M., Manoj, P., Watson, D. M., Evans, N. J., Federman, S., Muzerolle Page, J., Anglada Pons, Guillem Josep, Beuther, H., Klaassen, P., Looney, L. W., Osorio, Mayra, Stanke, T., Yang, Y. -L.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/369761
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/369761
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Techniques: spectroscopic
Stars: low-mass
Stars: protostars
ISM: abundances
ISM: molecules
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network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Hunting for complex cyanides in protostellar ices with the JWST: A tentative detection of CH3CN and C2H5CN
title Hunting for complex cyanides in protostellar ices with the JWST: A tentative detection of CH3CN and C2H5CN
spellingShingle Hunting for complex cyanides in protostellar ices with the JWST: A tentative detection of CH3CN and C2H5CN
Nazari, P.
Techniques: spectroscopic
Stars: low-mass
Stars: protostars
ISM: abundances
ISM: molecules
title_short Hunting for complex cyanides in protostellar ices with the JWST: A tentative detection of CH3CN and C2H5CN
title_full Hunting for complex cyanides in protostellar ices with the JWST: A tentative detection of CH3CN and C2H5CN
title_fullStr Hunting for complex cyanides in protostellar ices with the JWST: A tentative detection of CH3CN and C2H5CN
title_full_unstemmed Hunting for complex cyanides in protostellar ices with the JWST: A tentative detection of CH3CN and C2H5CN
title_sort Hunting for complex cyanides in protostellar ices with the JWST: A tentative detection of CH3CN and C2H5CN
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Nazari, P.
Rocha, W. R. M.
Rubinstein, A. E.
Slavicinska, K.
Rachid, M. G.
van Dishoeck, E. F.
Megeath, S. T.
Gutermuth, R.
Tyagi, H.
Brunken, N.
Narang, M.
Manoj, P.
Watson, D. M.
Evans, N. J.
Federman, S.
Muzerolle Page, J.
Anglada Pons, Guillem Josep
Beuther, H.
Klaassen, P.
Looney, L. W.
Osorio, Mayra
Stanke, T.
Yang, Y. -L.
author Nazari, P.
author_facet Nazari, P.
Rocha, W. R. M.
Rubinstein, A. E.
Slavicinska, K.
Rachid, M. G.
van Dishoeck, E. F.
Megeath, S. T.
Gutermuth, R.
Tyagi, H.
Brunken, N.
Narang, M.
Manoj, P.
Watson, D. M.
Evans, N. J.
Federman, S.
Muzerolle Page, J.
Anglada Pons, Guillem Josep
Beuther, H.
Klaassen, P.
Looney, L. W.
Osorio, Mayra
Stanke, T.
Yang, Y. -L.
author_role author
author2 Rocha, W. R. M.
Rubinstein, A. E.
Slavicinska, K.
Rachid, M. G.
van Dishoeck, E. F.
Megeath, S. T.
Gutermuth, R.
Tyagi, H.
Brunken, N.
Narang, M.
Manoj, P.
Watson, D. M.
Evans, N. J.
Federman, S.
Muzerolle Page, J.
Anglada Pons, Guillem Josep
Beuther, H.
Klaassen, P.
Looney, L. W.
Osorio, Mayra
Stanke, T.
Yang, Y. -L.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
European Research Council
European Commission
Dutch Research Council
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Techniques: spectroscopic
Stars: low-mass
Stars: protostars
ISM: abundances
ISM: molecules
topic Techniques: spectroscopic
Stars: low-mass
Stars: protostars
ISM: abundances
ISM: molecules
description Nitrogen-bearing complex organic molecules have been commonly detected in the gas phase but not yet in interstellar ices. This has led to the long-standing question of whether these molecules form in the gas phase or in ices. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) offers the sensitivity, spectral resolution, and wavelength coverage needed to detect them in ices and investigate whether their abundance ratios are similar in gas and ice. We report the first tentative detection of CH3CN, C2H5CN and the simple molecule, N2O, based on the CN-stretch band in interstellar ices toward three (HOPS 153, HOPS 370, and IRAS 20126+4104) out of the five protostellar systems observed as part of the Investigating Protostellar Accretion (IPA) GO program with JWST-NIRSpec. We also provide upper limits for the two other sources with smaller luminosities in the sample. We detect OCN− in the ices of all sources with typical CH3CN/OCN− ratios of around 1. Ice and gas column density ratios of the nitrogen-bearing species with respect to each other are better matched than those with respect to methanol, which are a factor of ~5 larger in the ices than the gas. We attribute the elevated ice column densities with respect to methanol to the difference in snowline locations of nitrogen-bearing molecules and of methanol, biasing the gas-phase observations toward fewer nitrogen-bearing molecules. Moreover, we find tentative evidence of the enhancement of OCN−, CH3CN, and C2H5CN in warmer ices; although, the formation of these molecules likely starts along with methanol in the cold prestellar phase. Future surveys combining NIRSpec and MIRI, and additional laboratory spectroscopic measurements of C2H5CN ice, are necessary for robust detection and conclusions on the formation history of complex cyanides. © The Authors 2024.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/369761
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/369761
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101019751
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-114461GB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2021-001131-S
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348695

dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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repository.name.fl_str_mv
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spelling Hunting for complex cyanides in protostellar ices with the JWST: A tentative detection of CH3CN and C2H5CNNazari, P.Rocha, W. R. M.Rubinstein, A. E.Slavicinska, K.Rachid, M. G.van Dishoeck, E. F.Megeath, S. T.Gutermuth, R.Tyagi, H.Brunken, N.Narang, M.Manoj, P.Watson, D. M.Evans, N. J.Federman, S.Muzerolle Page, J.Anglada Pons, Guillem JosepBeuther, H.Klaassen, P.Looney, L. W.Osorio, MayraStanke, T.Yang, Y. -L.Techniques: spectroscopicStars: low-massStars: protostarsISM: abundancesISM: moleculesNitrogen-bearing complex organic molecules have been commonly detected in the gas phase but not yet in interstellar ices. This has led to the long-standing question of whether these molecules form in the gas phase or in ices. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) offers the sensitivity, spectral resolution, and wavelength coverage needed to detect them in ices and investigate whether their abundance ratios are similar in gas and ice. We report the first tentative detection of CH3CN, C2H5CN and the simple molecule, N2O, based on the CN-stretch band in interstellar ices toward three (HOPS 153, HOPS 370, and IRAS 20126+4104) out of the five protostellar systems observed as part of the Investigating Protostellar Accretion (IPA) GO program with JWST-NIRSpec. We also provide upper limits for the two other sources with smaller luminosities in the sample. We detect OCN− in the ices of all sources with typical CH3CN/OCN− ratios of around 1. Ice and gas column density ratios of the nitrogen-bearing species with respect to each other are better matched than those with respect to methanol, which are a factor of ~5 larger in the ices than the gas. We attribute the elevated ice column densities with respect to methanol to the difference in snowline locations of nitrogen-bearing molecules and of methanol, biasing the gas-phase observations toward fewer nitrogen-bearing molecules. Moreover, we find tentative evidence of the enhancement of OCN−, CH3CN, and C2H5CN in warmer ices; although, the formation of these molecules likely starts along with methanol in the cold prestellar phase. Future surveys combining NIRSpec and MIRI, and additional laboratory spectroscopic measurements of C2H5CN ice, are necessary for robust detection and conclusions on the formation history of complex cyanides. © The Authors 2024.Astrochemistry in Leiden is supported by the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 101019751 MOLDISK), and by the Dutch Research Council (NWO) grant 618.000.001. Support by the Danish National Research Foundation through the Center of Excellence "InterCat" (Grant agreement no.: DNRF150) is also acknowledged. Support for A.E.R., S.T.M., R.G., D.W., and S.F. in program #1802 was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127. G.A. and M.O. acknowledge financial support from grants PID2020-114461GB-I00 and CEX2021-001131-S, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Y.-L.Y. acknowledges support from Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (20H05845, 20H05844, 22K20389), and a pioneering project in RIKEN (Evolution of Matter in the Universe). This work is based on the observations with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-03127 for JWST. These observations are associated with program #1802. All the JWST data used in this paper can be found in MAST: 10.17909/3kky-t040.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).Peer reviewedEDP SciencesMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)European Research CouncilEuropean CommissionDutch Research CouncilConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202420242024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/369761reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. 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