Safe, Sustainable Discharge of Electric Vehicle Batteries as a Pre- treatment Step to Crushing in the Recycling Process

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an increase in global temperature to above 1.5°C can be halted but would require immediate intervention to reach net zero emissions in the next 15 years. This intervention would have to make use of sustainable energy technologies such as ne...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor: Nembhard, Nicole
Tipo de recurso: tesis de maestría
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/334753
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/334753
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Electric vehicles
Batteries
Vehicles elèctrics
Bateries
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria elèctrica
id ES_35ee4d1cbef89b1b441a5f259e4e6be1
oai_identifier_str oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/334753
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
spelling Safe, Sustainable Discharge of Electric Vehicle Batteries as a Pre- treatment Step to Crushing in the Recycling ProcessNembhard, NicoleElectric vehiclesBatteriesVehicles elèctricsBateriesÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria elèctricaAccording to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an increase in global temperature to above 1.5°C can be halted but would require immediate intervention to reach net zero emissions in the next 15 years. This intervention would have to make use of sustainable energy technologies such as net-zero carbon systems for automobiles. Electric vehicle (EV) use is set to increase 3000% between 2016 and 2030. Due to the inherent toxicity of the chemicals within Li-ion batteries, they must be recycled to be sustainable. Recycling using energy recovering, hydrometallurgical process reduces greenhouse gas emissions. However, due to the high energy and power density within EV batteries, discharging the batteries is an important safety step in the pre-treatment process. There is no industry standard for discharging EV batteries. Many processes are suggested in literature with little information as to the methods used. The aim of this thesis is to explore four processes that could be suitable for industrial use. A suitable process should be ‘safe’, meaning it reduces the risk to the facility by minimizing the fire or explosion hazard, minimizes or eliminates human interaction with the battery pack and limits voltage rebound of an individual cell to 0.5V. The process should also be ‘rapid’, meaning it ensures that discharging does not become a bottleneck in recycling, ‘sustainable’ meaning it has no polluting fluid waste streams and ‘feasible’ that is, is cost efficient. Three processes were found effective. The first, is a combination of salt-solution and metal powder discharge methods using sodium carbonate and steel. This method is intended for battery packs and modules of less than 500V at 0% SOC. The second, is energy recovering electronic load discharge for battery backs greater than 500V or at greater than 0% SOC. Finally, inductive, wireless discharge with BMS ‘override’ is suggested. This method is suitable for future battery packs of all sizes equipped with wireless charging technology.Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaValderrama Ángel, César AlbertoChiu, Justin20202020-12-1720202020-12-22master thesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccNAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/334753reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/3347532026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Safe, Sustainable Discharge of Electric Vehicle Batteries as a Pre- treatment Step to Crushing in the Recycling Process
title Safe, Sustainable Discharge of Electric Vehicle Batteries as a Pre- treatment Step to Crushing in the Recycling Process
spellingShingle Safe, Sustainable Discharge of Electric Vehicle Batteries as a Pre- treatment Step to Crushing in the Recycling Process
Nembhard, Nicole
Electric vehicles
Batteries
Vehicles elèctrics
Bateries
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria elèctrica
title_short Safe, Sustainable Discharge of Electric Vehicle Batteries as a Pre- treatment Step to Crushing in the Recycling Process
title_full Safe, Sustainable Discharge of Electric Vehicle Batteries as a Pre- treatment Step to Crushing in the Recycling Process
title_fullStr Safe, Sustainable Discharge of Electric Vehicle Batteries as a Pre- treatment Step to Crushing in the Recycling Process
title_full_unstemmed Safe, Sustainable Discharge of Electric Vehicle Batteries as a Pre- treatment Step to Crushing in the Recycling Process
title_sort Safe, Sustainable Discharge of Electric Vehicle Batteries as a Pre- treatment Step to Crushing in the Recycling Process
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Nembhard, Nicole
author Nembhard, Nicole
author_facet Nembhard, Nicole
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Valderrama Ángel, César Alberto
Chiu, Justin
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Electric vehicles
Batteries
Vehicles elèctrics
Bateries
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria elèctrica
topic Electric vehicles
Batteries
Vehicles elèctrics
Bateries
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria elèctrica
description According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an increase in global temperature to above 1.5°C can be halted but would require immediate intervention to reach net zero emissions in the next 15 years. This intervention would have to make use of sustainable energy technologies such as net-zero carbon systems for automobiles. Electric vehicle (EV) use is set to increase 3000% between 2016 and 2030. Due to the inherent toxicity of the chemicals within Li-ion batteries, they must be recycled to be sustainable. Recycling using energy recovering, hydrometallurgical process reduces greenhouse gas emissions. However, due to the high energy and power density within EV batteries, discharging the batteries is an important safety step in the pre-treatment process. There is no industry standard for discharging EV batteries. Many processes are suggested in literature with little information as to the methods used. The aim of this thesis is to explore four processes that could be suitable for industrial use. A suitable process should be ‘safe’, meaning it reduces the risk to the facility by minimizing the fire or explosion hazard, minimizes or eliminates human interaction with the battery pack and limits voltage rebound of an individual cell to 0.5V. The process should also be ‘rapid’, meaning it ensures that discharging does not become a bottleneck in recycling, ‘sustainable’ meaning it has no polluting fluid waste streams and ‘feasible’ that is, is cost efficient. Three processes were found effective. The first, is a combination of salt-solution and metal powder discharge methods using sodium carbonate and steel. This method is intended for battery packs and modules of less than 500V at 0% SOC. The second, is energy recovering electronic load discharge for battery backs greater than 500V or at greater than 0% SOC. Finally, inductive, wireless discharge with BMS ‘override’ is suggested. This method is suitable for future battery packs of all sizes equipped with wireless charging technology.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2020-12-17
2020
2020-12-22
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv master thesis
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format masterThesis
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/334753
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/334753
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869405926221414400
score 15,300724

Similares en LA Referencia