Genome-wide data from medieval German Jews show that the Ashkenazi founder event pre-dated the 14th century

We report genome-wide data from 33 Ashkenazi Jews (AJ), dated to the 14th century, obtained following a salvage excavation at the medieval Jewish cemetery of Erfurt, Germany. The Erfurt individuals are genet-ically similar to modern AJ, but they show more variability in Eastern European-related ance...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Waldman, Shamam, Backenroth, Daniel, Harney, Eadaoin, Flohr, Stefan, Neff, Nadia C., Buckley, Gina M., Fridman, Hila, Akbari, Ali, Rohland, Nadin, Mallick, Swapan, Olalde Marquínez, Iñigo, Cooper, Leo, Lomes, Ariel, Lipson, Joshua, Cano Nistal, Jorge, Yu, Jin, Barzilai, Nir, Peter, Inga, Atzmon, Gil, Ostrer, Harry, Lencz, Todd, Maruvka, Yosef E., Lammerhirt, Maike, Beider, Alexander, Rutgers, Leonard V., Renson, Virginie, Prufer, Keith M., Schiffels, Stephan, Ringbauer, Harald, Sczech, Karin, Carmi, Shai, Reich, David
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Recursos:Universidad del País Vasco
Repositorio:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
OAI Identifier:oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/59534
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10810/59534
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Ashkenazi Jews
ancient DNA
founder event
pathogenic variants
demographic inference
admixture
population structure
mitochondrial DNA
IBD sharing
runs of homozygosity
Descrição
Resumo:We report genome-wide data from 33 Ashkenazi Jews (AJ), dated to the 14th century, obtained following a salvage excavation at the medieval Jewish cemetery of Erfurt, Germany. The Erfurt individuals are genet-ically similar to modern AJ, but they show more variability in Eastern European-related ancestry than mod-ern AJ. A third of the Erfurt individuals carried a mitochondrial lineage common in modern AJ and eight carried pathogenic variants known to affect AJ today. These observations, together with high levels of runs of homozygosity, suggest that the Erfurt community had already experienced the major reduction in size that affected modern AJ. The Erfurt bottleneck was more severe, implying substructure in medieval AJ. Overall, our results suggest that the AJ founder event and the acquisition of the main sources of ancestry pre-dated the 14th century and highlight late medieval genetic heterogeneity no longer present in modern AJ.

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