CHANG-ES XXXVI. The thin and thick radio discs

Context. Edge-on spiral galaxies give us an outsiders’ view of the radio halo that envelops these galaxies. Radio haloes are caused by extra-planar cosmic-ray electrons that emit synchrotron emission in magnetic fields.

Bibliographic Details
Authors: Heesen, V., Stein, Michael, Pourjafari, N., Brüggen, M., Stil, J., Li, J. -T., Wiegert, Theresa, Irwin, J., Dettmar, Ralf-Jürgen, Porter, T. A., Stein, Yelena
Format: article
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2025
Country:España
Institution:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repository:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/397825
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/397825
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Cosmic rays
Galaxies: fundamental parameters
Galaxies: magnetic fields
Galaxies: star formation
Radio continuum: galaxies
id ES_34c5bcdbd93bfd433285bfd7c05b578e
oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/397825
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv CHANG-ES XXXVI. The thin and thick radio discs
title CHANG-ES XXXVI. The thin and thick radio discs
spellingShingle CHANG-ES XXXVI. The thin and thick radio discs
Heesen, V.
Cosmic rays
Galaxies: fundamental parameters
Galaxies: magnetic fields
Galaxies: star formation
Radio continuum: galaxies
title_short CHANG-ES XXXVI. The thin and thick radio discs
title_full CHANG-ES XXXVI. The thin and thick radio discs
title_fullStr CHANG-ES XXXVI. The thin and thick radio discs
title_full_unstemmed CHANG-ES XXXVI. The thin and thick radio discs
title_sort CHANG-ES XXXVI. The thin and thick radio discs
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Heesen, V.
Stein, Michael
Pourjafari, N.
Brüggen, M.
Stil, J.
Li, J. -T.
Wiegert, Theresa
Irwin, J.
Dettmar, Ralf-Jürgen
Porter, T. A.
Stein, Yelena
author Heesen, V.
author_facet Heesen, V.
Stein, Michael
Pourjafari, N.
Brüggen, M.
Stil, J.
Li, J. -T.
Wiegert, Theresa
Irwin, J.
Dettmar, Ralf-Jürgen
Porter, T. A.
Stein, Yelena
author_role author
author2 Stein, Michael
Pourjafari, N.
Brüggen, M.
Stil, J.
Li, J. -T.
Wiegert, Theresa
Irwin, J.
Dettmar, Ralf-Jürgen
Porter, T. A.
Stein, Yelena
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv German Research Foundation
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
NASA
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Cosmic rays
Galaxies: fundamental parameters
Galaxies: magnetic fields
Galaxies: star formation
Radio continuum: galaxies
topic Cosmic rays
Galaxies: fundamental parameters
Galaxies: magnetic fields
Galaxies: star formation
Radio continuum: galaxies
description Context. Edge-on spiral galaxies give us an outsiders’ view of the radio halo that envelops these galaxies. Radio haloes are caused by extra-planar cosmic-ray electrons that emit synchrotron emission in magnetic fields.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/397825
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/397825
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2021-001131-S
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554046
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling CHANG-ES XXXVI. The thin and thick radio discsHeesen, V.Stein, MichaelPourjafari, N.Brüggen, M.Stil, J.Li, J. -T.Wiegert, TheresaIrwin, J.Dettmar, Ralf-JürgenPorter, T. A.Stein, YelenaCosmic raysGalaxies: fundamental parametersGalaxies: magnetic fieldsGalaxies: star formationRadio continuum: galaxiesContext. Edge-on spiral galaxies give us an outsiders’ view of the radio halo that envelops these galaxies. Radio haloes are caused by extra-planar cosmic-ray electrons that emit synchrotron emission in magnetic fields.Aims. We aim to study the origin of radio haloes around galaxies and infer the role of cosmic rays in supporting the gaseous discs. We test the influence of star formation as the main source of cosmic rays, as well as other fundamental galaxy properties such as mass and size.Methods. We present a study of radio continuum scale heights in 22 nearby edge-on galaxies from the Continuum HAloes in Nearby Galaxies – an EVLA Survey (CHANG-ES). We employed deep observations with the Jansky Very Large Array in the S-band (2–4 GHz), imaging at 7″ angular resolution. We measured scale heights in three strips within the effective radio continuum radius, and corrected for the influence of angular resolution and inclination angle. We only included galaxies where a distinction between the two disc components can be made in at least one of the strips, which provided us with robust measurements of both scale heights.Results. We find a strong positive correlation between the scale heights of the thin and thick discs and the star-forming radius, as well as star-formation rate (SFR); moderately strong correlations are found for the mass surface density and the ratio of SFR-to-mass surface density; no correlation is found with SFR surface density alone. Yet the SFR surface density plays a role as well: galaxies with high SFR surface densities have a rather roundish shape, whereas galaxies with little star formation only show a relatively small vertical extent in comparison to their size.Conclusions. Thick gaseous discs are partially supported by cosmic-ray pressure. Our results are a useful benchmark for simulations of galaxy evolution that include cosmic rays. © The Authors 2025We thank the anonymous referee for a concise and very helpful review. M.S. and R.-J. D. acknowledge funding from the German Science Foundation DFG, within the Collaborative Research Center SFB1491 “Cosmic Interacting Matters – From Source to Signal. MB acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy – EXC 2121 “Quantum Universe” – 390833306 and the DFG Research Group “Relativistic Jets”. TW acknowledges financial support from the grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, from the coordination of the participation in SKA-SPAIN, funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU). This research made use of following software packages and other resources: Aladin sky atlas developed at CDS, Strasbourg Observatory, France (Bonnarel et al. 2000; Boch & Fernique 2014); ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018); HyperLeda (http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr; Makarov et al. 2014); NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; SAOImage DS9 (Joye & Mandel 2003); and SCIPY (https://scipy.org; Virtanen et al. 2020).With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).Peer reviewedEDP SciencesGerman Research FoundationMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)NASAConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/397825reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2021-001131-Shttp://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554046Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3978252026-05-22T06:33:51Z
score 15,811543

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