Service placement in the continuum: A systematic literature review

Cloud computing plays a crucial role in the Industry 4.0 era, particularly with the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) applications that support domains such as education, healthcare, business, and manufacturing. These applications consist of multiple services with diverse quality of service (QoS) req...

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Autores: Sajjad, Waseem|||0009-0007-4956-6995, Farreras Esclusa, Montserrat|||0000-0003-2027-1919, García Almiñana, Jordi|||0000-0002-3515-7150, Masip Bruin, Xavier|||0000-0002-4755-556X
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/448995
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/448995
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2025.108370
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Internet of Things (IoT)
Cloud computing
Computing environments
Service placement
Containerized service placement
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Arquitectura de computadors
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oai_identifier_str oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/448995
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Service placement in the continuum: A systematic literature review
title Service placement in the continuum: A systematic literature review
spellingShingle Service placement in the continuum: A systematic literature review
Sajjad, Waseem|||0009-0007-4956-6995
Internet of Things (IoT)
Cloud computing
Computing environments
Service placement
Containerized service placement
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Arquitectura de computadors
title_short Service placement in the continuum: A systematic literature review
title_full Service placement in the continuum: A systematic literature review
title_fullStr Service placement in the continuum: A systematic literature review
title_full_unstemmed Service placement in the continuum: A systematic literature review
title_sort Service placement in the continuum: A systematic literature review
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Sajjad, Waseem|||0009-0007-4956-6995
Farreras Esclusa, Montserrat|||0000-0003-2027-1919
García Almiñana, Jordi|||0000-0002-3515-7150
Masip Bruin, Xavier|||0000-0002-4755-556X
author Sajjad, Waseem|||0009-0007-4956-6995
author_facet Sajjad, Waseem|||0009-0007-4956-6995
Farreras Esclusa, Montserrat|||0000-0003-2027-1919
García Almiñana, Jordi|||0000-0002-3515-7150
Masip Bruin, Xavier|||0000-0002-4755-556X
author_role author
author2 Farreras Esclusa, Montserrat|||0000-0003-2027-1919
García Almiñana, Jordi|||0000-0002-3515-7150
Masip Bruin, Xavier|||0000-0002-4755-556X
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Internet of Things (IoT)
Cloud computing
Computing environments
Service placement
Containerized service placement
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Arquitectura de computadors
topic Internet of Things (IoT)
Cloud computing
Computing environments
Service placement
Containerized service placement
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Arquitectura de computadors
description Cloud computing plays a crucial role in the Industry 4.0 era, particularly with the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) applications that support domains such as education, healthcare, business, and manufacturing. These applications consist of multiple services with diverse quality of service (QoS) requirements, making their development and deployment complex. While traditional cloud environments provide scalability, they often fail to support latency-sensitive and resource-intensive applications. To overcome these limitations, alternative paradigms such as Cloud–Fog–Edge (CFE), Cloud–Fog (CF), Cloud–Edge (CE), Fog–Edge (FE), and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) have emerged. These models push computation, storage, and networking closer to end devices, reducing latency and bandwidth usage. However, the heterogeneity, mobility, and dynamic nature of these environments make service placement (a known NP-hard problem) a central challenge. This article presents a systematic literature review of service placement approaches across the compute continuum. Following established SLR methodology, we identified and analyzed 124 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2024, classifying them by (i) deployment environment, (ii) service placement strategies and algorithms, (iii) adaptability of the solution, (iv) optimization objectives, (v) virtualization/orchestration technologies, (vi) evaluation methodologies, including workloads, testbeds, and simulation tools and (vii) use cases or application types. The novelty of this work lies in providing not only a detailed taxonomy of placement approaches but also this is the first survey that takes all seven aspects into consideration and establishes correlations between them. Our findings reveal that most existing works target smart health applications and favor heuristic-based placement in complex CFE scenarios, while research on scientific and compute-intensive workloads remains limited. We also identify Kubernetes as the most widely used orchestration technology and latency as the dominant optimization metric. Despite significant progress, the field is still maturing, with gaps in real-world validation and adaptive, ML-based placement strategies. By consolidating technical approaches, evaluation practices, and open challenges, this survey offers both researchers and practitioners a structured overview of the state of the art and guidance for advancing service placement in the compute continuum.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-12-11
2026
2026-02-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/448995
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2025.108370
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/448995
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2025.108370
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Agencia Estatal de Investigación http://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PID2021-124463OB-I00 GESTION INTELIGENTE DEL CLOUD CONTINUUM: DESARROLLO DE LAS FUNCIONALIDADES CLAVE DE UN SO
European Commission http://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 HE 101070177 Towards a functional continuum operating system
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Service placement in the continuum: A systematic literature reviewSajjad, Waseem|||0009-0007-4956-6995Farreras Esclusa, Montserrat|||0000-0003-2027-1919García Almiñana, Jordi|||0000-0002-3515-7150Masip Bruin, Xavier|||0000-0002-4755-556XInternet of Things (IoT)Cloud computingComputing environmentsService placementContainerized service placementÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Arquitectura de computadorsCloud computing plays a crucial role in the Industry 4.0 era, particularly with the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) applications that support domains such as education, healthcare, business, and manufacturing. These applications consist of multiple services with diverse quality of service (QoS) requirements, making their development and deployment complex. While traditional cloud environments provide scalability, they often fail to support latency-sensitive and resource-intensive applications. To overcome these limitations, alternative paradigms such as Cloud–Fog–Edge (CFE), Cloud–Fog (CF), Cloud–Edge (CE), Fog–Edge (FE), and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) have emerged. These models push computation, storage, and networking closer to end devices, reducing latency and bandwidth usage. However, the heterogeneity, mobility, and dynamic nature of these environments make service placement (a known NP-hard problem) a central challenge. This article presents a systematic literature review of service placement approaches across the compute continuum. Following established SLR methodology, we identified and analyzed 124 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2024, classifying them by (i) deployment environment, (ii) service placement strategies and algorithms, (iii) adaptability of the solution, (iv) optimization objectives, (v) virtualization/orchestration technologies, (vi) evaluation methodologies, including workloads, testbeds, and simulation tools and (vii) use cases or application types. The novelty of this work lies in providing not only a detailed taxonomy of placement approaches but also this is the first survey that takes all seven aspects into consideration and establishes correlations between them. Our findings reveal that most existing works target smart health applications and favor heuristic-based placement in complex CFE scenarios, while research on scientific and compute-intensive workloads remains limited. We also identify Kubernetes as the most widely used orchestration technology and latency as the dominant optimization metric. Despite significant progress, the field is still maturing, with gaps in real-world validation and adaptive, ML-based placement strategies. By consolidating technical approaches, evaluation practices, and open challenges, this survey offers both researchers and practitioners a structured overview of the state of the art and guidance for advancing service placement in the compute continuum.The work leading to this publication was partially co-funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under grant PID2021-124463OB-I00 funded by MCIN /AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and by the ERDF ‘‘A way of making Europe’’; by the Catalan Government under contract 2021 SGR 00326; and by the EU Horizon programme under grant 101070177 (ICOS project).Peer ReviewedElsevier20262026-02-0120252025-12-11journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/448995https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2025.108370reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)InglésengAgencia Estatal de Investigación http://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PID2021-124463OB-I00 GESTION INTELIGENTE DEL CLOUD CONTINUUM: DESARROLLO DE LAS FUNCIONALIDADES CLAVE DE UN SOEuropean Commission http://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 HE 101070177 Towards a functional continuum operating systemopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/4489952026-05-27T15:37:01Z
score 15,81155

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