Occurrence and temperature dependence of atmospheric gas-phase organophosphate esters in high-mountain areas (Pyrenees)

The air concentrations of organophosphate esters (OPEs) were studied in a network of six remote high-mountain areas of the Pyrenees located along an altitudinal profile between 1619 m and 2453 m above sea level on a restricted planar surface to assess their vertical distribution based on long-range...

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Autores: Prats, Raimon M., Van Drooge, Barend L., Fernández Ramón, M. Pilar, Grimalt, Joan O.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/259720
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/259720
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85122306182
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Organophosphate flame retardants
Passive air sampling
Remote sites
Secondary emission
Temperature trends
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spelling Occurrence and temperature dependence of atmospheric gas-phase organophosphate esters in high-mountain areas (Pyrenees)Prats, Raimon M.Van Drooge, Barend L.Fernández Ramón, M. PilarGrimalt, Joan O.Organophosphate flame retardantsPassive air samplingRemote sitesSecondary emissionTemperature trendsThe air concentrations of organophosphate esters (OPEs) were studied in a network of six remote high-mountain areas of the Pyrenees located along an altitudinal profile between 1619 m and 2453 m above sea level on a restricted planar surface to assess their vertical distribution based on long-range atmospheric transport and temperature gradients. Polyurethane foam passive samplers were used in five periods spanning over three years (September 2017-October 2020). The sum of concentrations of five OPEs were between 5.3 and 100 pg m-3, averaging 16-53 pg m-3 across campaigns at the different locations. These concentrations were much lower than those observed in areas under anthropogenic influence but also than those found in low altitude remote continental sites. A significant progressive change in predominant compounds was observed along the altitudinal gradient, with prevalence of tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) or tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) below or above 2300 m above sea level, respectively. This trend was consistent with the higher volatility of TCEP, which was retained at greater extent at lower environmental temperatures (higher altitude). A significant temperature dependence of the gas phase concentrations was observed for TCEP, TCIPP and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), which could be explained by retention in the cold periods, predominantly adsorbed in snow, and their release to the atmosphere during snowmelt. This mechanism was consistent with the good agreement found between the vaporization enthalpies measured under laboratory conditions and the experimental values obtained from the slopes of the significant linear regressions when representing the vertical gradients.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CTM2015-71832-P and PGC2018-102288-B-I00). Raimon M. Prats also acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (BES-2016-076339).Peer reviewedElsevierMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)0000-0002-4312-35400000-0002-7391-5768Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202220222021info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/259720https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85122306182reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICIN/PGC2018-102288-B-I00/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICIN/CTM2015-71832-P/Chemospherehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133467Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2597202026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Occurrence and temperature dependence of atmospheric gas-phase organophosphate esters in high-mountain areas (Pyrenees)
title Occurrence and temperature dependence of atmospheric gas-phase organophosphate esters in high-mountain areas (Pyrenees)
spellingShingle Occurrence and temperature dependence of atmospheric gas-phase organophosphate esters in high-mountain areas (Pyrenees)
Prats, Raimon M.
Organophosphate flame retardants
Passive air sampling
Remote sites
Secondary emission
Temperature trends
title_short Occurrence and temperature dependence of atmospheric gas-phase organophosphate esters in high-mountain areas (Pyrenees)
title_full Occurrence and temperature dependence of atmospheric gas-phase organophosphate esters in high-mountain areas (Pyrenees)
title_fullStr Occurrence and temperature dependence of atmospheric gas-phase organophosphate esters in high-mountain areas (Pyrenees)
title_full_unstemmed Occurrence and temperature dependence of atmospheric gas-phase organophosphate esters in high-mountain areas (Pyrenees)
title_sort Occurrence and temperature dependence of atmospheric gas-phase organophosphate esters in high-mountain areas (Pyrenees)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Prats, Raimon M.
Van Drooge, Barend L.
Fernández Ramón, M. Pilar
Grimalt, Joan O.
author Prats, Raimon M.
author_facet Prats, Raimon M.
Van Drooge, Barend L.
Fernández Ramón, M. Pilar
Grimalt, Joan O.
author_role author
author2 Van Drooge, Barend L.
Fernández Ramón, M. Pilar
Grimalt, Joan O.
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
0000-0002-4312-3540
0000-0002-7391-5768
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Organophosphate flame retardants
Passive air sampling
Remote sites
Secondary emission
Temperature trends
topic Organophosphate flame retardants
Passive air sampling
Remote sites
Secondary emission
Temperature trends
description The air concentrations of organophosphate esters (OPEs) were studied in a network of six remote high-mountain areas of the Pyrenees located along an altitudinal profile between 1619 m and 2453 m above sea level on a restricted planar surface to assess their vertical distribution based on long-range atmospheric transport and temperature gradients. Polyurethane foam passive samplers were used in five periods spanning over three years (September 2017-October 2020). The sum of concentrations of five OPEs were between 5.3 and 100 pg m-3, averaging 16-53 pg m-3 across campaigns at the different locations. These concentrations were much lower than those observed in areas under anthropogenic influence but also than those found in low altitude remote continental sites. A significant progressive change in predominant compounds was observed along the altitudinal gradient, with prevalence of tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) or tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) below or above 2300 m above sea level, respectively. This trend was consistent with the higher volatility of TCEP, which was retained at greater extent at lower environmental temperatures (higher altitude). A significant temperature dependence of the gas phase concentrations was observed for TCEP, TCIPP and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), which could be explained by retention in the cold periods, predominantly adsorbed in snow, and their release to the atmosphere during snowmelt. This mechanism was consistent with the good agreement found between the vaporization enthalpies measured under laboratory conditions and the experimental values obtained from the slopes of the significant linear regressions when representing the vertical gradients.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2022
2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Postprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/259720
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85122306182
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/259720
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85122306182
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICIN/PGC2018-102288-B-I00/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICIN/CTM2015-71832-P/
Chemosphere
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133467
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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