Antibiotics in the Basque coast (N Spain): Occurrence in waste and receiving waters, and risk assessment (2017-2020)

The study of the presence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment is a preliminary step to analyse their possible harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems. In order to monitor their occurrence in the aquatic environment, the European Commission established in 2015, 2018, and 2020 three Watch Lists of...

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Authors: Solaun, Oihana, Rodríguez, José Germán, Borja, Ángel, López-García, Ester, Zonja, Bozo, Postigo, Cristina, Barceló, Damià, López de Alda, Miren, Larreta, Joana
Format: article
Status:Versión aceptada para publicación
Publication Date:2022
Country:España
Institution:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repository:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/278595
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/278595
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85135349217
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Water Framework Directive
Ciprofloxacin
Macrolide antibiotics
Receiving water
Wastewater
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spelling Antibiotics in the Basque coast (N Spain): Occurrence in waste and receiving waters, and risk assessment (2017-2020)Solaun, OihanaRodríguez, José GermánBorja, ÁngelLópez-García, EsterZonja, BozoPostigo, CristinaBarceló, DamiàLópez de Alda, MirenLarreta, JoanaWater Framework DirectiveCiprofloxacinMacrolide antibioticsReceiving waterWastewaterThe study of the presence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment is a preliminary step to analyse their possible harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems. In order to monitor their occurrence in the aquatic environment, the European Commission established in 2015, 2018, and 2020 three Watch Lists of substances for Union-wide monitoring (Decisions (EU) 2015/495, 2018/840, and 2020/1161), where some antibiotics within the classes of macrolides, fluoroquinolones and penicillins were included. In the Basque coast, northern Spain, three macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin) and ciprofloxacin were monitored quarterly from 2017 to 2020 (covering a period before and after the COVID19 outbreak), in water samples collected from two Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs), and three control points associated with receiving waters (transitional and coastal water bodies). This work was undertaken for the Basque Water Agency (URA). The three macrolide antibiotics in water showed a frequency of quantification >65 % in the Basque coast, with higher concentrations in the WWTP emission stations than in receiving waters. Their frequency of quantification decreased from 2017 to 2020, as did the consumption of antibiotics in Spanish primary care since 2015. Ciprofloxacin showed higher frequencies of quantification in receiving waters than in wastewaters, but the highest concentrations were observed in the WWTP emission stations. Although consumption of fluoroquinolones (among which is ciprofloxacin) in primary care in the Basque Country has decreased in recent years, this trend was not observed in the waters sampled in the present study. On the other hand, concentrations of clarithromycin, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin in receiving waters exceeded their respective Predicted No-Effect Concentrations, so they could pose an environmental risk. These substances are widely used in human and animal medicine, so, although only ciprofloxacin is included in the third Watch List, it would be advisable to continue monitoring macrolides in the Basque coast as well.This work was supported by the Basque Water Agency (URA) through the project “Network for monitoring the ecological and chemical status of transitional and coastal waters of the Basque coast”, and partly by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidate Research Group 2017-SGR-14) and the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project CEX2018-000794-S). The authors acknowledge the help of the entities in charge of the management of the three studied WWTPs (Consorcio de Aguas Bilbao Bizkaia and Aguas del Añarbe), as well as the work of all sampling and laboratory technicians. The anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments to the submitted manuscript. This is contribution number 1113 from the Marine Research of AZTI-BRTA (Basque Research and Technology Alliance).Peer reviewedElsevierMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202220222022info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/278595https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85135349217reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/MCIN/CEX2018-000794-SThe Science of the total environmenthttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157563Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2785952026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Antibiotics in the Basque coast (N Spain): Occurrence in waste and receiving waters, and risk assessment (2017-2020)
title Antibiotics in the Basque coast (N Spain): Occurrence in waste and receiving waters, and risk assessment (2017-2020)
spellingShingle Antibiotics in the Basque coast (N Spain): Occurrence in waste and receiving waters, and risk assessment (2017-2020)
Solaun, Oihana
Water Framework Directive
Ciprofloxacin
Macrolide antibiotics
Receiving water
Wastewater
title_short Antibiotics in the Basque coast (N Spain): Occurrence in waste and receiving waters, and risk assessment (2017-2020)
title_full Antibiotics in the Basque coast (N Spain): Occurrence in waste and receiving waters, and risk assessment (2017-2020)
title_fullStr Antibiotics in the Basque coast (N Spain): Occurrence in waste and receiving waters, and risk assessment (2017-2020)
title_full_unstemmed Antibiotics in the Basque coast (N Spain): Occurrence in waste and receiving waters, and risk assessment (2017-2020)
title_sort Antibiotics in the Basque coast (N Spain): Occurrence in waste and receiving waters, and risk assessment (2017-2020)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Solaun, Oihana
Rodríguez, José Germán
Borja, Ángel
López-García, Ester
Zonja, Bozo
Postigo, Cristina
Barceló, Damià
López de Alda, Miren
Larreta, Joana
author Solaun, Oihana
author_facet Solaun, Oihana
Rodríguez, José Germán
Borja, Ángel
López-García, Ester
Zonja, Bozo
Postigo, Cristina
Barceló, Damià
López de Alda, Miren
Larreta, Joana
author_role author
author2 Rodríguez, José Germán
Borja, Ángel
López-García, Ester
Zonja, Bozo
Postigo, Cristina
Barceló, Damià
López de Alda, Miren
Larreta, Joana
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Water Framework Directive
Ciprofloxacin
Macrolide antibiotics
Receiving water
Wastewater
topic Water Framework Directive
Ciprofloxacin
Macrolide antibiotics
Receiving water
Wastewater
description The study of the presence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment is a preliminary step to analyse their possible harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems. In order to monitor their occurrence in the aquatic environment, the European Commission established in 2015, 2018, and 2020 three Watch Lists of substances for Union-wide monitoring (Decisions (EU) 2015/495, 2018/840, and 2020/1161), where some antibiotics within the classes of macrolides, fluoroquinolones and penicillins were included. In the Basque coast, northern Spain, three macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin) and ciprofloxacin were monitored quarterly from 2017 to 2020 (covering a period before and after the COVID19 outbreak), in water samples collected from two Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs), and three control points associated with receiving waters (transitional and coastal water bodies). This work was undertaken for the Basque Water Agency (URA). The three macrolide antibiotics in water showed a frequency of quantification >65 % in the Basque coast, with higher concentrations in the WWTP emission stations than in receiving waters. Their frequency of quantification decreased from 2017 to 2020, as did the consumption of antibiotics in Spanish primary care since 2015. Ciprofloxacin showed higher frequencies of quantification in receiving waters than in wastewaters, but the highest concentrations were observed in the WWTP emission stations. Although consumption of fluoroquinolones (among which is ciprofloxacin) in primary care in the Basque Country has decreased in recent years, this trend was not observed in the waters sampled in the present study. On the other hand, concentrations of clarithromycin, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin in receiving waters exceeded their respective Predicted No-Effect Concentrations, so they could pose an environmental risk. These substances are widely used in human and animal medicine, so, although only ciprofloxacin is included in the third Watch List, it would be advisable to continue monitoring macrolides in the Basque coast as well.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022
2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Postprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/278595
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85135349217
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/278595
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85135349217
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/MCIN/CEX2018-000794-S
The Science of the total environment
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157563
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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