The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a predictor of cardiovascular events, relates to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Background: The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) is a newly developed index that has been described to predict cardiovascular (CV) events. In this study, we calculated the METS-IR index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a condition linked to an elevated CV risk. We then exa...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Cantabria (UC) |
| Repositorio: | UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/36844 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10902/36844 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Rheumatoid arthritis METS-IR index Cardiovascular risk |
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The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a predictor of cardiovascular events, relates to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritisAznar-Esquivel, AntonioGómez-Bernal, FuensantaGarcía-González, MaríaHernández-Díaz, MartaHeras-Recuero, ElenaVera-González, Antonia deGónzalez-Delgado, AlejandraQuevedo-Rodríguez, AdriánQuevedo-Abeledo, Juan C.Castañeda, SantosGonzález-Gay Mantecón, Miguel ÁngelFerraz-Amaro, IvánRheumatoid arthritisMETS-IR indexCardiovascular riskBackground: The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) is a newly developed index that has been described to predict cardiovascular (CV) events. In this study, we calculated the METS-IR index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a condition linked to an elevated CV risk. We then examined its relationship with disease characteristics and CV comorbidities, including disease activity, lipid profile, subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance indices. Methods: A total of 515 RA patients were recruited. Disease-related characteristics and disease activity indices, including the Disease Activity Score (DAS28), the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and the Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) were calculated. Additionally, the complete lipid profile, insulin resistance indices, metabolic syndrome criteria, and carotid ultrasound for intima-media thickness and carotid plaque detection were assessed. METS-IR was calculated. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between the disease characteristics and METS-IR. Results: METS-IR was positively correlated with age, body mass index, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance indices. Carotid intima-media thickness-but not the presence of carotid plaque-was associated with significantly higher METS-IR values. Regarding disease-related characteristics, C-reactive protein and disease activity indices demonstrated a significant positive association with METS-IR after multivariable adjustment. Specifically, C-reactive protein was associated with higher METS-IR values (beta coefficient 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.3, p < 0.001). All disease activity indices, except CDAI, showed a significant positive relationship with METS-IR. Conclusions: METS-IR is linked not only to CV risk factors but also, independently, to inflammatory disease activity in patients with RA. Its association with CV events in the general population and disease activity in RA highlights the significant role of inflammation in driving excessive cardiovascular risk in RA. This underscores the intricate relationship between metabolic dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and CV outcomes in RA.This study was funded by a grant to IF-A by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through project PI23/00046 and co-funded by the European Union. M.A. González-Gay’s research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Red de Investigación RICORS-RD24/0007/0031 and PI24/00554.MDPIUniversidad de Cantabria20252025-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://hdl.handle.net/10902/36844Diagnostics, 2025, 15, 861reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabriainstname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/368442026-06-02T12:39:31Z |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a predictor of cardiovascular events, relates to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| title |
The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a predictor of cardiovascular events, relates to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| spellingShingle |
The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a predictor of cardiovascular events, relates to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Aznar-Esquivel, Antonio Rheumatoid arthritis METS-IR index Cardiovascular risk |
| title_short |
The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a predictor of cardiovascular events, relates to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| title_full |
The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a predictor of cardiovascular events, relates to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| title_fullStr |
The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a predictor of cardiovascular events, relates to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a predictor of cardiovascular events, relates to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| title_sort |
The metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), a predictor of cardiovascular events, relates to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Aznar-Esquivel, Antonio Gómez-Bernal, Fuensanta García-González, María Hernández-Díaz, Marta Heras-Recuero, Elena Vera-González, Antonia de Gónzalez-Delgado, Alejandra Quevedo-Rodríguez, Adrián Quevedo-Abeledo, Juan C. Castañeda, Santos González-Gay Mantecón, Miguel Ángel Ferraz-Amaro, Iván |
| author |
Aznar-Esquivel, Antonio |
| author_facet |
Aznar-Esquivel, Antonio Gómez-Bernal, Fuensanta García-González, María Hernández-Díaz, Marta Heras-Recuero, Elena Vera-González, Antonia de Gónzalez-Delgado, Alejandra Quevedo-Rodríguez, Adrián Quevedo-Abeledo, Juan C. Castañeda, Santos González-Gay Mantecón, Miguel Ángel Ferraz-Amaro, Iván |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Gómez-Bernal, Fuensanta García-González, María Hernández-Díaz, Marta Heras-Recuero, Elena Vera-González, Antonia de Gónzalez-Delgado, Alejandra Quevedo-Rodríguez, Adrián Quevedo-Abeledo, Juan C. Castañeda, Santos González-Gay Mantecón, Miguel Ángel Ferraz-Amaro, Iván |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad de Cantabria |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Rheumatoid arthritis METS-IR index Cardiovascular risk |
| topic |
Rheumatoid arthritis METS-IR index Cardiovascular risk |
| description |
Background: The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) is a newly developed index that has been described to predict cardiovascular (CV) events. In this study, we calculated the METS-IR index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a condition linked to an elevated CV risk. We then examined its relationship with disease characteristics and CV comorbidities, including disease activity, lipid profile, subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance indices. Methods: A total of 515 RA patients were recruited. Disease-related characteristics and disease activity indices, including the Disease Activity Score (DAS28), the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and the Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) were calculated. Additionally, the complete lipid profile, insulin resistance indices, metabolic syndrome criteria, and carotid ultrasound for intima-media thickness and carotid plaque detection were assessed. METS-IR was calculated. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between the disease characteristics and METS-IR. Results: METS-IR was positively correlated with age, body mass index, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance indices. Carotid intima-media thickness-but not the presence of carotid plaque-was associated with significantly higher METS-IR values. Regarding disease-related characteristics, C-reactive protein and disease activity indices demonstrated a significant positive association with METS-IR after multivariable adjustment. Specifically, C-reactive protein was associated with higher METS-IR values (beta coefficient 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.3, p < 0.001). All disease activity indices, except CDAI, showed a significant positive relationship with METS-IR. Conclusions: METS-IR is linked not only to CV risk factors but also, independently, to inflammatory disease activity in patients with RA. Its association with CV events in the general population and disease activity in RA highlights the significant role of inflammation in driving excessive cardiovascular risk in RA. This underscores the intricate relationship between metabolic dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and CV outcomes in RA. |
| publishDate |
2025 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2025 2025-01-01 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
journal article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 NA http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43 |
| dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| format |
article |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10902/36844 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10902/36844 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés eng |
| language_invalid_str_mv |
Inglés |
| language |
eng |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Diagnostics, 2025, 15, 861 reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria instname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC) |
| instname_str |
Universidad de Cantabria (UC) |
| reponame_str |
UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria |
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UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria |
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