Tornadic Environments in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands based on ERA5 Reanalysis

A dataset of 907 tornado and waterspout events recorded from 1980 to 2018 was built to study convective environments in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). The events were grouped into different categories, distinguishing waterspouts and tornadoes that were stratified...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol, Bech, Joan
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:2445/215340
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/215340
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Península Ibèrica
Mediterrània occidental
Tornados
Iberian Peninsula
Western Mediterranean
Tornadoes
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spelling Tornadic Environments in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands based on ERA5 ReanalysisRodríguez Ballester, OriolBech, JoanPenínsula IbèricaMediterrània occidentalTornadosIberian PeninsulaWestern MediterraneanTornadoesA dataset of 907 tornado and waterspout events recorded from 1980 to 2018 was built to study convective environments in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). The events were grouped into different categories, distinguishing waterspouts and tornadoes that were stratified by intensity according to the Fujita (F) scale and the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. The analysis separated the north-east (NE) and south-west (SW) subareas in the region of study, which present different seasonal cycles. For each event, atmospheric profiles from the ERA5 reanalysis data were used to determine convective available potential energy (CAPE), storm-relative helicity (SRH), vertical wind-shear (WS), the Universal Tornadic Index (UTI), and the product of wind-shear and the square root of two times CAPE (WMAXSHEAR). Results showed that the NE events are mostly associated with higher CAPE and lower helicity and wind-shear than the SW events. Thus, a significant number of SW tornadoes are associated with high-shear, low-CAPE environments. Moreover, the low-shear, high-LCL tornado environment, which is common inland during warm-season, is more usual in the NE subarea. Composite parameters such as the UTI and WMAXSHEAR06 are good discriminators between significant and weak tornado events, although WMAXSHEAR06 presents some limitations for the SW events due to low CAPE and weak differences in the WS (0–6 km) between the (E)F1 and (E)F2+ events. This weakness was resolved by using the 0–3 km WS instead of the 0–6 km WS when calculating the WMAXSHEAR. A new threshold for WMAXSHEAR03 is proposed (500 m2⋅s−2) to distinguish between significant and non-significant tornado environments. Finally, the Szilagyi Waterspout Nomogram, originally developed for the Great Lakes of North America, was successfully tested in the forecasting of waterspout formation for the first time in the western Mediterranean area, although the technique should be adapted to correctly detect cool-season mid-latitude waterspouts.Wiley2024202420212024info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion21 p.application/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/215340Articles publicats en revistes (Física Aplicada)reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésVersió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6825International Journal of Climatology, 2021, vol. 41, num.S1, p. 1959-1979https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6825(c) Royal Meteorological Society, 2021info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:2445/2153402026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Tornadic Environments in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands based on ERA5 Reanalysis
title Tornadic Environments in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands based on ERA5 Reanalysis
spellingShingle Tornadic Environments in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands based on ERA5 Reanalysis
Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol
Península Ibèrica
Mediterrània occidental
Tornados
Iberian Peninsula
Western Mediterranean
Tornadoes
title_short Tornadic Environments in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands based on ERA5 Reanalysis
title_full Tornadic Environments in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands based on ERA5 Reanalysis
title_fullStr Tornadic Environments in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands based on ERA5 Reanalysis
title_full_unstemmed Tornadic Environments in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands based on ERA5 Reanalysis
title_sort Tornadic Environments in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands based on ERA5 Reanalysis
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol
Bech, Joan
author Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol
author_facet Rodríguez Ballester, Oriol
Bech, Joan
author_role author
author2 Bech, Joan
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Península Ibèrica
Mediterrània occidental
Tornados
Iberian Peninsula
Western Mediterranean
Tornadoes
topic Península Ibèrica
Mediterrània occidental
Tornados
Iberian Peninsula
Western Mediterranean
Tornadoes
description A dataset of 907 tornado and waterspout events recorded from 1980 to 2018 was built to study convective environments in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). The events were grouped into different categories, distinguishing waterspouts and tornadoes that were stratified by intensity according to the Fujita (F) scale and the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. The analysis separated the north-east (NE) and south-west (SW) subareas in the region of study, which present different seasonal cycles. For each event, atmospheric profiles from the ERA5 reanalysis data were used to determine convective available potential energy (CAPE), storm-relative helicity (SRH), vertical wind-shear (WS), the Universal Tornadic Index (UTI), and the product of wind-shear and the square root of two times CAPE (WMAXSHEAR). Results showed that the NE events are mostly associated with higher CAPE and lower helicity and wind-shear than the SW events. Thus, a significant number of SW tornadoes are associated with high-shear, low-CAPE environments. Moreover, the low-shear, high-LCL tornado environment, which is common inland during warm-season, is more usual in the NE subarea. Composite parameters such as the UTI and WMAXSHEAR06 are good discriminators between significant and weak tornado events, although WMAXSHEAR06 presents some limitations for the SW events due to low CAPE and weak differences in the WS (0–6 km) between the (E)F1 and (E)F2+ events. This weakness was resolved by using the 0–3 km WS instead of the 0–6 km WS when calculating the WMAXSHEAR. A new threshold for WMAXSHEAR03 is proposed (500 m2⋅s−2) to distinguish between significant and non-significant tornado environments. Finally, the Szilagyi Waterspout Nomogram, originally developed for the Great Lakes of North America, was successfully tested in the forecasting of waterspout formation for the first time in the western Mediterranean area, although the technique should be adapted to correctly detect cool-season mid-latitude waterspouts.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2445/215340
url https://hdl.handle.net/2445/215340
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Versió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6825
International Journal of Climatology, 2021, vol. 41, num.S1, p. 1959-1979
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6825
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv (c) Royal Meteorological Society, 2021
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv (c) Royal Meteorological Society, 2021
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 21 p.
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Wiley
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Articles publicats en revistes (Física Aplicada)
reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.81155

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