Injectable Carrageenan/Green Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Rheological, and Biocompatibility Properties

In this work, physically crosslinked injectable hydrogels based on carrageenan, locust bean gum, and gelatin, and mechanically nano-reinforced with green graphene oxide (GO), were developed to address the challenge of finding materials with a good balance between injectability and mechanical propert...

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Autores: Moncada, Danny, Bouza, Rebeca, Rico, Maite, Rodríguez-Llamazares, Saddys, Pettinelli, Natalia, Aragón-Herrera, Alana, Feijóo-Bandín, Sandra, Gualillo, Oreste, Lago, Francisca, Farrag, Yousof, Salavagione, Horacio J.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/367028
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/367028
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Injectable hydrogels
Physical crosslinking
Carrageenan
Oxidized graphene
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spelling Injectable Carrageenan/Green Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Rheological, and Biocompatibility PropertiesMoncada, DannyBouza, RebecaRico, MaiteRodríguez-Llamazares, SaddysPettinelli, NataliaAragón-Herrera, AlanaFeijóo-Bandín, SandraGualillo, OresteLago, FranciscaFarrag, YousofSalavagione, Horacio J.Injectable hydrogelsPhysical crosslinkingCarrageenanOxidized grapheneIn this work, physically crosslinked injectable hydrogels based on carrageenan, locust bean gum, and gelatin, and mechanically nano-reinforced with green graphene oxide (GO), were developed to address the challenge of finding materials with a good balance between injectability and mechanical properties. The effect of GO content on the rheological and mechanical properties, injectability, swelling behavior, and biocompatibility of the nanocomposite hydrogels was studied. The hydrogels’ morphology, assessed by FE-SEM, showed a homogeneous porous architecture separated by thin walls for all the GO loadings investigated. The rheology measurements evidence that G′ > G″ over the whole frequency range, indicating the dominant elastic nature of the hydrogels and the difference between G′ over G″ depends on the GO content. The GO incorporation into the biopolymer network enhanced the mechanical properties (ca. 20%) without appreciable change in the injectability of the nanocomposite hydrogels, demonstrating the success of the approach described in this work. In addition, the injectable hydrogels with GO loadings ≤0.05% w/v exhibit negligible toxicity for 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. However, it is noted that loadings over 0.25% w/v may affect the cell proliferation rate. Therefore, the nano-reinforced injectable hybrid hydrogels reported here, developed with a fully sustainable approach, have a promising future as potential materials for use in tissue repair.The research was funded by Xunta de Galicia Government: program of consolidation and structuring competitive research units [Grant number: ED431C 2019/17]. The work of Centro de Investigación de Polímeros Avanzados, CIPA is funded by ANID Regional [R23F0005] and the work of N.P is funded by ANID Fondecyt Postdoctoral [3230505]. Y.F is a ‘Sara Borrell’ researcher funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) [CD21/00042]. The work of O.G. (PI20/00902) is funded by ISCIII, FEDER, and Xunta de Galicia, Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional and Consellería de Economía, Emprego e Industria (GAIN) (GPC IN607B2022/03). H.J.S is grateful for the funding from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), grant PID2020-117573GB-I00.Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteXunta de GaliciaAgencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean CommissionXunta de GaliciaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2024202420242024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/367028reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-117573GB-I00https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16162345Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3670282026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Injectable Carrageenan/Green Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Rheological, and Biocompatibility Properties
title Injectable Carrageenan/Green Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Rheological, and Biocompatibility Properties
spellingShingle Injectable Carrageenan/Green Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Rheological, and Biocompatibility Properties
Moncada, Danny
Injectable hydrogels
Physical crosslinking
Carrageenan
Oxidized graphene
title_short Injectable Carrageenan/Green Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Rheological, and Biocompatibility Properties
title_full Injectable Carrageenan/Green Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Rheological, and Biocompatibility Properties
title_fullStr Injectable Carrageenan/Green Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Rheological, and Biocompatibility Properties
title_full_unstemmed Injectable Carrageenan/Green Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Rheological, and Biocompatibility Properties
title_sort Injectable Carrageenan/Green Graphene Oxide Hydrogel: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Rheological, and Biocompatibility Properties
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Moncada, Danny
Bouza, Rebeca
Rico, Maite
Rodríguez-Llamazares, Saddys
Pettinelli, Natalia
Aragón-Herrera, Alana
Feijóo-Bandín, Sandra
Gualillo, Oreste
Lago, Francisca
Farrag, Yousof
Salavagione, Horacio J.
author Moncada, Danny
author_facet Moncada, Danny
Bouza, Rebeca
Rico, Maite
Rodríguez-Llamazares, Saddys
Pettinelli, Natalia
Aragón-Herrera, Alana
Feijóo-Bandín, Sandra
Gualillo, Oreste
Lago, Francisca
Farrag, Yousof
Salavagione, Horacio J.
author_role author
author2 Bouza, Rebeca
Rico, Maite
Rodríguez-Llamazares, Saddys
Pettinelli, Natalia
Aragón-Herrera, Alana
Feijóo-Bandín, Sandra
Gualillo, Oreste
Lago, Francisca
Farrag, Yousof
Salavagione, Horacio J.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Xunta de Galicia
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile)
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
European Commission
Xunta de Galicia
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Injectable hydrogels
Physical crosslinking
Carrageenan
Oxidized graphene
topic Injectable hydrogels
Physical crosslinking
Carrageenan
Oxidized graphene
description In this work, physically crosslinked injectable hydrogels based on carrageenan, locust bean gum, and gelatin, and mechanically nano-reinforced with green graphene oxide (GO), were developed to address the challenge of finding materials with a good balance between injectability and mechanical properties. The effect of GO content on the rheological and mechanical properties, injectability, swelling behavior, and biocompatibility of the nanocomposite hydrogels was studied. The hydrogels’ morphology, assessed by FE-SEM, showed a homogeneous porous architecture separated by thin walls for all the GO loadings investigated. The rheology measurements evidence that G′ > G″ over the whole frequency range, indicating the dominant elastic nature of the hydrogels and the difference between G′ over G″ depends on the GO content. The GO incorporation into the biopolymer network enhanced the mechanical properties (ca. 20%) without appreciable change in the injectability of the nanocomposite hydrogels, demonstrating the success of the approach described in this work. In addition, the injectable hydrogels with GO loadings ≤0.05% w/v exhibit negligible toxicity for 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. However, it is noted that loadings over 0.25% w/v may affect the cell proliferation rate. Therefore, the nano-reinforced injectable hybrid hydrogels reported here, developed with a fully sustainable approach, have a promising future as potential materials for use in tissue repair.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/367028
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/367028
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-117573GB-I00
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16162345
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,81155

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