Severity of Omicron subvariants and vaccine impact in Catalonia, Spain

López de Rioja, Víctor|||0000-0003-4485-0616; Basile, Luca; Perramon Malavez, Aida|||0000-0002-6057-5127; Martinez Solanas, Èrica; López Codina, Daniel|||0000-0002-0408-4526; Medina-Maestro, Sergio; Coma Redon, Ermengol; Fina Avilés, Francesc; Prats Soler, Clara|||0000-0002-1398-7559; Mendioroz, Jacobo; Álvarez Lacalle, Enrique|||0000-0001-6824-6857

Severity of Omicron subvariants and vaccine impact in Catalonia, Spain

In the current COVID-19 landscape dominated by Omicron subvariants, understanding the timing and efficacy of vaccination against emergent lineages is crucial for planning future vaccination campaigns, yet detailed studies stratified by subvariant, vaccination timing, and age groups are scarce. This...

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Autores:	López de Rioja, Víctor\|\|\|0000-0003-4485-0616, Basile, Luca, Perramon Malavez, Aida\|\|\|0000-0002-6057-5127, Martinez Solanas, Èrica, López Codina, Daniel\|\|\|0000-0002-0408-4526, Medina-Maestro, Sergio, Coma Redon, Ermengol, Fina Avilés, Francesc, Prats Soler, Clara\|\|\|0000-0002-1398-7559, Mendioroz, Jacobo, Álvarez Lacalle, Enrique\|\|\|0000-0001-6824-6857
Tipo de recurso:	artículo
Fecha de publicación:	2024
País:	España
Institución:	Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:	UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:	inglés
OAI Identifier:	oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/409489
Acceso en línea:	https://hdl.handle.net/2117/409489 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050466
Access Level:	acceso abierto
Palabra clave:	COVID-19 (Disease) Epidemiology COVID-19 (Disease)--Vaccination Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 variants Omicron COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccines Vaccine effectiveness Vaccination strategy COVID-19 (Malaltia) Epidemiologia COVID-19 (Malaltia)--Vacunació Vacunació Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Ciències de la salut

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spelling	Severity of Omicron subvariants and vaccine impact in Catalonia, SpainLópez de Rioja, Víctor\|\|\|0000-0003-4485-0616Basile, LucaPerramon Malavez, Aida\|\|\|0000-0002-6057-5127Martinez Solanas, ÈricaLópez Codina, Daniel\|\|\|0000-0002-0408-4526Medina-Maestro, SergioComa Redon, ErmengolFina Avilés, FrancescPrats Soler, Clara\|\|\|0000-0002-1398-7559Mendioroz, JacoboÁlvarez Lacalle, Enrique\|\|\|0000-0001-6824-6857COVID-19 (Disease)EpidemiologyCOVID-19 (Disease)--VaccinationVaccinationSARS-CoV-2 variantsOmicronCOVID-19EpidemiologyCOVID-19 vaccinesVaccine effectivenessVaccination strategyCOVID-19 (Malaltia)EpidemiologiaCOVID-19 (Malaltia)--VacunacióVacunacióÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Ciències de la salutIn the current COVID-19 landscape dominated by Omicron subvariants, understanding the timing and efficacy of vaccination against emergent lineages is crucial for planning future vaccination campaigns, yet detailed studies stratified by subvariant, vaccination timing, and age groups are scarce. This retrospective study analyzed COVID-19 cases from December 2021 to January 2023 in Catalonia, Spain, focusing on vulnerable populations affected by variants BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and BQ.1 and including two national booster campaigns. Our database includes detailed information such as dates of diagnosis, hospitalization and death, last vaccination, and cause of death, among others. We evaluated the impact of vaccination on disease severity by age, variant, and vaccination status, finding that recent vaccination significantly mitigated severity across all Omicron subvariants, although efficacy waned six months post-vaccination, except for BQ.1, which showed more stable levels. Unvaccinated individuals had higher hospitalization and mortality rates. Our results highlight the importance of periodic vaccination to reduce severe outcomes, which are influenced by variant and vaccination timing. Although the seasonality of COVID-19 is uncertain, our analysis suggests the potential benefit of annual vaccination in populations >60 years old, probably in early fall, if COVID-19 eventually exhibits a major peak similar to other respiratory viruses.This research was supported by the Ayudas Fundación BBVA a proyectos investigación científica 2021 under the project BBVA: Epidemiological modelling of SARS-CoV-2 in a post-pandemic surveil- lance context: an open platform for mid-term scenarios and short-term predictions; the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, Catalonia [grant number 2021 SGR 00582]; and PID-2022- 139216NB-I00 funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and by ‘ERDF: A way of making Europe’, by the European Union.20242024-04-2720242024-06-10journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/409489https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050466reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/4094892026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Severity of Omicron subvariants and vaccine impact in Catalonia, Spain
title	Severity of Omicron subvariants and vaccine impact in Catalonia, Spain
spellingShingle	Severity of Omicron subvariants and vaccine impact in Catalonia, Spain López de Rioja, Víctor\|\|\|0000-0003-4485-0616 COVID-19 (Disease) Epidemiology COVID-19 (Disease)--Vaccination Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 variants Omicron COVID-19 Epidemiology COVID-19 vaccines Vaccine effectiveness Vaccination strategy COVID-19 (Malaltia) Epidemiologia COVID-19 (Malaltia)--Vacunació Vacunació Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Ciències de la salut
title_short	Severity of Omicron subvariants and vaccine impact in Catalonia, Spain
title_full	Severity of Omicron subvariants and vaccine impact in Catalonia, Spain
title_fullStr	Severity of Omicron subvariants and vaccine impact in Catalonia, Spain
title_full_unstemmed	Severity of Omicron subvariants and vaccine impact in Catalonia, Spain
title_sort	Severity of Omicron subvariants and vaccine impact in Catalonia, Spain
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv	López de Rioja, Víctor\|\|\|0000-0003-4485-0616 Basile, Luca Perramon Malavez, Aida\|\|\|0000-0002-6057-5127 Martinez Solanas, Èrica López Codina, Daniel\|\|\|0000-0002-0408-4526 Medina-Maestro, Sergio Coma Redon, Ermengol Fina Avilés, Francesc Prats Soler, Clara\|\|\|0000-0002-1398-7559 Mendioroz, Jacobo Álvarez Lacalle, Enrique\|\|\|0000-0001-6824-6857
author	López de Rioja, Víctor\|\|\|0000-0003-4485-0616
author_facet	López de Rioja, Víctor\|\|\|0000-0003-4485-0616 Basile, Luca Perramon Malavez, Aida\|\|\|0000-0002-6057-5127 Martinez Solanas, Èrica López Codina, Daniel\|\|\|0000-0002-0408-4526 Medina-Maestro, Sergio Coma Redon, Ermengol Fina Avilés, Francesc Prats Soler, Clara\|\|\|0000-0002-1398-7559 Mendioroz, Jacobo Álvarez Lacalle, Enrique\|\|\|0000-0001-6824-6857
author_role	author
author2	Basile, Luca Perramon Malavez, Aida\|\|\|0000-0002-6057-5127 Martinez Solanas, Èrica López Codina, Daniel\|\|\|0000-0002-0408-4526 Medina-Maestro, Sergio Coma Redon, Ermengol Fina Avilés, Francesc Prats Soler, Clara\|\|\|0000-0002-1398-7559 Mendioroz, Jacobo Álvarez Lacalle, Enrique\|\|\|0000-0001-6824-6857
author2_role	author author author author author author author author author author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	COVID-19 (Disease) Epidemiology COVID-19 (Disease)--Vaccination Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 variants Omicron COVID-19 Epidemiology COVID-19 vaccines Vaccine effectiveness Vaccination strategy COVID-19 (Malaltia) Epidemiologia COVID-19 (Malaltia)--Vacunació Vacunació Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Ciències de la salut
topic	COVID-19 (Disease) Epidemiology COVID-19 (Disease)--Vaccination Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 variants Omicron COVID-19 Epidemiology COVID-19 vaccines Vaccine effectiveness Vaccination strategy COVID-19 (Malaltia) Epidemiologia COVID-19 (Malaltia)--Vacunació Vacunació Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Ciències de la salut
description	In the current COVID-19 landscape dominated by Omicron subvariants, understanding the timing and efficacy of vaccination against emergent lineages is crucial for planning future vaccination campaigns, yet detailed studies stratified by subvariant, vaccination timing, and age groups are scarce. This retrospective study analyzed COVID-19 cases from December 2021 to January 2023 in Catalonia, Spain, focusing on vulnerable populations affected by variants BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and BQ.1 and including two national booster campaigns. Our database includes detailed information such as dates of diagnosis, hospitalization and death, last vaccination, and cause of death, among others. We evaluated the impact of vaccination on disease severity by age, variant, and vaccination status, finding that recent vaccination significantly mitigated severity across all Omicron subvariants, although efficacy waned six months post-vaccination, except for BQ.1, which showed more stable levels. Unvaccinated individuals had higher hospitalization and mortality rates. Our results highlight the importance of periodic vaccination to reduce severe outcomes, which are influenced by variant and vaccination timing. Although the seasonality of COVID-19 is uncertain, our analysis suggests the potential benefit of annual vaccination in populations >60 years old, probably in early fall, if COVID-19 eventually exhibits a major peak similar to other respiratory viruses.
publishDate	2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv	2024 2024-04-27 2024 2024-06-10
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	journal article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 VoR http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format	article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/2117/409489 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050466
url	https://hdl.handle.net/2117/409489 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050466
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv	Inglés eng
language_invalid_str_mv	Inglés
language	eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv	open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv	application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv	reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str	Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str	UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection	UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
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Severity of Omicron subvariants and vaccine impact in Catalonia, Spain

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