Machine learning-aided latency prediction in packet-switched xhaul networks

In this work, we address the challenge of accurately predicting latency in packet-switched Xhaul networks, enabling the convergent transport of fronthaul (FH) and midhaul (MH) traffic within radio access networks (RANs). Although deterministic worst-case (WC) models provide strict latency bounds, th...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Klinkowski, Miroslaw, Perelló Muntan, Jordi|||0000-0001-6563-2664, Careglio, Davide|||0000-0002-7931-8147
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:upcommonspor::3d43771af75120967ed51da518571094
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/461101
https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3678383
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:5G mobile communication
Open RAN
Optical wavelength conversion
Delays
Predictive models
Estimation
Optimization
6G mobile communication
Reliability
Routing
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Comunicacions mòbils
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Intel·ligència artificial::Aprenentatge automàtic
Descripción
Sumario:In this work, we address the challenge of accurately predicting latency in packet-switched Xhaul networks, enabling the convergent transport of fronthaul (FH) and midhaul (MH) traffic within radio access networks (RANs). Although deterministic worst-case (WC) models provide strict latency bounds, they tend to significantly overestimate actual flow latencies, leading to inefficient resource allocation. To address this limitation, we propose a machine learning-based (ML) latency prediction framework that leverages quantile regression (QR) to provide more accurate estimates of maximum one-way transmission latency for both FH and MH flows — an essential requirement for reliable RAN operation. Our approach enhances WC estimations by incorporating additional latency-related features and is validated using an extensive dataset generated from simulations of diverse ring and mesh topologies. We integrate the QR-based latency predictions into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for optimal flow routing and distributed unit (DU) placement. A comparative analysis reveals that QR-based latency prediction outperforms WC latency estimations, significantly improving network performance by reducing the number of active DU processing nodes by up to 20% without compromising latency constraints. The results highlight the potential of ML techniques to enhance the accuracy of latency modeling in dynamic, latency-sensitive Xhaul scenarios, thereby contributing to the realization of RAN Digital Twin systems envisioned for future 6G networks.