Activity of comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke during the 2021 apparition

Comet 7P/Pons–Winnecke was observed from the Calar Alto Observatory (Spain) for 4 mon during the 2021 inbound apparition. Broad-band visible images were taken between 1.71 and 1.25 au pre-perihelion, while long-slit spectrophotometric data were taken at ∼1.25 au pre-perihelion. This data set has bee...

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Autores: Mariblanca-Escalona, Irene, Lara, Luisa María, Moreno, Fernando, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Evangelista-Santana, Marçal
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/385905
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/385905
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Methods: numerical
Comets: general
Comets: individual: 7P
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Activity of comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke during the 2021 apparition
title Activity of comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke during the 2021 apparition
spellingShingle Activity of comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke during the 2021 apparition
Mariblanca-Escalona, Irene
Methods: numerical
Comets: general
Comets: individual: 7P
title_short Activity of comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke during the 2021 apparition
title_full Activity of comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke during the 2021 apparition
title_fullStr Activity of comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke during the 2021 apparition
title_full_unstemmed Activity of comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke during the 2021 apparition
title_sort Activity of comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke during the 2021 apparition
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Mariblanca-Escalona, Irene
Lara, Luisa María
Moreno, Fernando
Gutiérrez, Pedro J.
Evangelista-Santana, Marçal
author Mariblanca-Escalona, Irene
author_facet Mariblanca-Escalona, Irene
Lara, Luisa María
Moreno, Fernando
Gutiérrez, Pedro J.
Evangelista-Santana, Marçal
author_role author
author2 Lara, Luisa María
Moreno, Fernando
Gutiérrez, Pedro J.
Evangelista-Santana, Marçal
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Methods: numerical
Comets: general
Comets: individual: 7P
topic Methods: numerical
Comets: general
Comets: individual: 7P
description Comet 7P/Pons–Winnecke was observed from the Calar Alto Observatory (Spain) for 4 mon during the 2021 inbound apparition. Broad-band visible images were taken between 1.71 and 1.25 au pre-perihelion, while long-slit spectrophotometric data were taken at ∼1.25 au pre-perihelion. This data set has been complemented with three r-Sloan images observed from Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) to model the physical properties and loss rate of the dust with a forward Monte Carlo dust tail code. The model fits the observed isophotes well for most observations. The peak dust production rate was measured at 83 kg s−1, 15 days after perihelion. The particle terminal speed ranges from 3 m s−1 for 0.1 m particles to 23 m s−1 for 5 μm particles. Regarding the gas production from spectra, CN, and C2 show asymmetric emission between the Sunward and anti-Sunward directions beyond the data uncertainties and error propagation, while a clear asymmetry for C3 cannot be definitively claimed. Average production rates for CN, C2, and C3 near 2021 perihelion are 1.15 ×1024, 2.32×1024, and 1.69×1023 s−1, respectively. The dust-to-gas mass ratio value is estimated to be around 2, suggesting a dust-rich composition. Based on the gas composition and the Af ρ value, we classify 7P/Pons–Winnecke as having a typical composition for Jupiter Family comets, with some C3 depletion. Given the limited previous knowledge, our work contributes to expanding the understanding of the activity and characteristics of 7P/Pons–Winnecke © 2025 The Author(s).
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
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spelling Activity of comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke during the 2021 apparitionMariblanca-Escalona, IreneLara, Luisa MaríaMoreno, FernandoGutiérrez, Pedro J.Evangelista-Santana, MarçalMethods: numericalComets: generalComets: individual: 7PComet 7P/Pons–Winnecke was observed from the Calar Alto Observatory (Spain) for 4 mon during the 2021 inbound apparition. Broad-band visible images were taken between 1.71 and 1.25 au pre-perihelion, while long-slit spectrophotometric data were taken at ∼1.25 au pre-perihelion. This data set has been complemented with three r-Sloan images observed from Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) to model the physical properties and loss rate of the dust with a forward Monte Carlo dust tail code. The model fits the observed isophotes well for most observations. The peak dust production rate was measured at 83 kg s−1, 15 days after perihelion. The particle terminal speed ranges from 3 m s−1 for 0.1 m particles to 23 m s−1 for 5 μm particles. Regarding the gas production from spectra, CN, and C2 show asymmetric emission between the Sunward and anti-Sunward directions beyond the data uncertainties and error propagation, while a clear asymmetry for C3 cannot be definitively claimed. Average production rates for CN, C2, and C3 near 2021 perihelion are 1.15 ×1024, 2.32×1024, and 1.69×1023 s−1, respectively. The dust-to-gas mass ratio value is estimated to be around 2, suggesting a dust-rich composition. Based on the gas composition and the Af ρ value, we classify 7P/Pons–Winnecke as having a typical composition for Jupiter Family comets, with some C3 depletion. Given the limited previous knowledge, our work contributes to expanding the understanding of the activity and characteristics of 7P/Pons–Winnecke © 2025 The Author(s).Based on observations obtained with the instrument CAFOS at the 2.2m telescope of the Calar Alto Observatory (CAHA), and with the Samuel Oschin Telescope 48-inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project. ZTF is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST2034437 and a collaboration that includes Caltech, IPAC, Weizmann Institute for Science, Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University, University of Maryland, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron and Humboldt University, TANGO Consortium of Taiwan, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Trinity College Dublin, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories and IN2P3, France. Operations are carried out by COO, IPAC and UW. We thank the amateur association Cometas Obs for providing us with photometric data for comet 7P. The authors acknowledge financial support from grants PID2021-123370OB-I00, PID2021- 126365NB-C21, and from the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021- 001131-S MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. I. MariblancaEscalona acknowledges financial support from the FPI grant PRE2022-105422 funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by European Social Fund Plus (ESF+). This research has made use of data provided by the International Astronomical Union’s Minor Planet Center. The Monte Carlo dust tail code makes use of the JPL Horizons ephemeris generatorsystem.With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).Peer reviewedOxford University PressAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/385905reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-123370OB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-126365NB-C21info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/PRE2022-105422/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/CEX2021-001131-Shttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf370Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3859052026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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