A phylogeographic study of Arenaria ciliata and Arenaria norvegica in Ireland and Europe

The unusual distribution of Irish ora and fauna has intrigued and eluded biogeographers for centuries and remains the subject of ongo- ing debate. The conventional hypothesis for the postglacial coloniza- tion of Ireland across an Irish-British land-bridge has come under in- creasing scrutiny, with...

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Autor: Howard-Williams, Emma
Tipo de recurso: tesis doctoral
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2013
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/153279
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/153279
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Phylogeographic study
Arenaria ciliata
Arenaria norvegica
Ireland
Europe
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repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv A phylogeographic study of Arenaria ciliata and Arenaria norvegica in Ireland and Europe
title A phylogeographic study of Arenaria ciliata and Arenaria norvegica in Ireland and Europe
spellingShingle A phylogeographic study of Arenaria ciliata and Arenaria norvegica in Ireland and Europe
Howard-Williams, Emma
Phylogeographic study
Arenaria ciliata
Arenaria norvegica
Ireland
Europe
title_short A phylogeographic study of Arenaria ciliata and Arenaria norvegica in Ireland and Europe
title_full A phylogeographic study of Arenaria ciliata and Arenaria norvegica in Ireland and Europe
title_fullStr A phylogeographic study of Arenaria ciliata and Arenaria norvegica in Ireland and Europe
title_full_unstemmed A phylogeographic study of Arenaria ciliata and Arenaria norvegica in Ireland and Europe
title_sort A phylogeographic study of Arenaria ciliata and Arenaria norvegica in Ireland and Europe
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Howard-Williams, Emma
author Howard-Williams, Emma
author_facet Howard-Williams, Emma
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Meade, Conor
Kelleher, Colin
European Commission
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Phylogeographic study
Arenaria ciliata
Arenaria norvegica
Ireland
Europe
topic Phylogeographic study
Arenaria ciliata
Arenaria norvegica
Ireland
Europe
description The unusual distribution of Irish ora and fauna has intrigued and eluded biogeographers for centuries and remains the subject of ongo- ing debate. The conventional hypothesis for the postglacial coloniza- tion of Ireland across an Irish-British land-bridge has come under in- creasing scrutiny, with a growing body of evidence suggesting Ireland may have been a refugium during the last glacial cycle. In addition a strong affinity to Iberian populations is evident among much of the islands's native ora and fauna. This study focused on the disjunctly distributed arctic-alpine plant Arenaria ciliata, and its close arctic relative, A. norvegica, in an effort to characterise and date the earli- est links between Ireland and Continental Europe and to investigate the possibility for in situ survival of populations of these species in Ireland during the last glacial maximum. Twenty-nine populations of the target species were sampled through- out their range in Europe. Four separate chloroplast regions were sequenced: psbA-trnH, rpl32 -trnL, trnK -matK and matK, and the in- ternal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS). The chloroplast and ITS sequences were analyzed using maximum likelihood, haplotype networks, and a molecular clock analysis using Bayesian inference. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were generated for all populations sampled using three selec- tive primers and the obtained data were analysed using neighbour- joining analysis, networks, AMOVAs and direct analysis of the frag- ments. The results indicate a complex glacial history for these two species, where the consensus of the analysis demonstrates phylogeographic patterns indicative of Pleistocene glacial survival in situ, with evi- dence for cryptic refugia in Ireland, Rum and Svalbard, and multiple colonization events for A. ciliata. In contrast, the phylogeographic patterns obtained for A. norvegica are, for the most part, typical of a recent post-glacial expansion, with very low sequence divergence between individuals and populations. Evidence for in situ survival of the Ben Bulben population of A. ciliata is presented. This population contains multiple unique hap- lotypes, many private AFLP fragments, distinct genetic structuring and the molecular clock analysis indicates an ancient divergence for the Ben Bulben population. This indicates an origin for this resident population much earlier than the last glacial maximum, predating the origin of the A. norvegica haplotypes. AFLP genotypes show distinct grouping for the Ben Bulben and Svalbard populations. Similari- ties in the genetic distinctiveness of populations from Rum, Svalbard and Ben Bulben indicate the possiblity that these locations represent cryptic Pleistocene refugia for A. ciliata. Taxonomic distinctions between A. ciliata and A. norvegica are com- plex, though, a distinct genetic grouping for individuals of A. norvegica is demonstrated, albeit as a monophyletic group within A. ciliata. In- congruences between the chloroplast and nuclear ITS sequences con- found this issue, and highlight the possibility of hybridisation events between these species. AFLP markers show a distinct clustering for A. norvegica genotypes and demonstrate the suitability of AFLP markers in discriminating between closely related taxa. None of the recognized subspecies of the A. ciliata complex could be clearly discriminated based on the molecular markers implemented in this study. This study provides the first evidence for the survival of a terrestrial plant species in situ in Ireland throughout the Pleistocene glacial cycles.
publishDate 2013
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2013
2017
2017
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format doctoralThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/153279
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/153279
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/226506
http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/6750/
No
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv National University of Ireland, Maynooth
publisher.none.fl_str_mv National University of Ireland, Maynooth
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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spelling A phylogeographic study of Arenaria ciliata and Arenaria norvegica in Ireland and EuropeHoward-Williams, EmmaPhylogeographic studyArenaria ciliataArenaria norvegicaIrelandEuropeThe unusual distribution of Irish ora and fauna has intrigued and eluded biogeographers for centuries and remains the subject of ongo- ing debate. The conventional hypothesis for the postglacial coloniza- tion of Ireland across an Irish-British land-bridge has come under in- creasing scrutiny, with a growing body of evidence suggesting Ireland may have been a refugium during the last glacial cycle. In addition a strong affinity to Iberian populations is evident among much of the islands's native ora and fauna. This study focused on the disjunctly distributed arctic-alpine plant Arenaria ciliata, and its close arctic relative, A. norvegica, in an effort to characterise and date the earli- est links between Ireland and Continental Europe and to investigate the possibility for in situ survival of populations of these species in Ireland during the last glacial maximum. Twenty-nine populations of the target species were sampled through- out their range in Europe. Four separate chloroplast regions were sequenced: psbA-trnH, rpl32 -trnL, trnK -matK and matK, and the in- ternal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS). The chloroplast and ITS sequences were analyzed using maximum likelihood, haplotype networks, and a molecular clock analysis using Bayesian inference. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were generated for all populations sampled using three selec- tive primers and the obtained data were analysed using neighbour- joining analysis, networks, AMOVAs and direct analysis of the frag- ments. The results indicate a complex glacial history for these two species, where the consensus of the analysis demonstrates phylogeographic patterns indicative of Pleistocene glacial survival in situ, with evi- dence for cryptic refugia in Ireland, Rum and Svalbard, and multiple colonization events for A. ciliata. In contrast, the phylogeographic patterns obtained for A. norvegica are, for the most part, typical of a recent post-glacial expansion, with very low sequence divergence between individuals and populations. Evidence for in situ survival of the Ben Bulben population of A. ciliata is presented. This population contains multiple unique hap- lotypes, many private AFLP fragments, distinct genetic structuring and the molecular clock analysis indicates an ancient divergence for the Ben Bulben population. This indicates an origin for this resident population much earlier than the last glacial maximum, predating the origin of the A. norvegica haplotypes. AFLP genotypes show distinct grouping for the Ben Bulben and Svalbard populations. Similari- ties in the genetic distinctiveness of populations from Rum, Svalbard and Ben Bulben indicate the possiblity that these locations represent cryptic Pleistocene refugia for A. ciliata. Taxonomic distinctions between A. ciliata and A. norvegica are com- plex, though, a distinct genetic grouping for individuals of A. norvegica is demonstrated, albeit as a monophyletic group within A. ciliata. In- congruences between the chloroplast and nuclear ITS sequences con- found this issue, and highlight the possibility of hybridisation events between these species. AFLP markers show a distinct clustering for A. norvegica genotypes and demonstrate the suitability of AFLP markers in discriminating between closely related taxa. None of the recognized subspecies of the A. ciliata complex could be clearly discriminated based on the molecular markers implemented in this study. This study provides the first evidence for the survival of a terrestrial plant species in situ in Ireland throughout the Pleistocene glacial cycles.Synthesys (ES-TAF-1599) who provided funding for the lab work carried out in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Madrid.Peer reviewedNational University of Ireland, MaynoothMeade, ConorKelleher, ColinEuropean Commission201720172013info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/153279reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/226506http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/6750/Noinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/1532792026-05-22T06:33:51Z
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