Experimental assessment of the interaction between indoor air quality and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary classrooms in southern Spain

Current European policies focus on achieving climate neutrality by 2050. However, the COVID-19 crisis has disrupted social conditions, reigniting the debate on buildings with high occupancy and static users for long periods, such as schools, given their inadequate health and comfort conditions. In t...

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Autores: Escandón Ramírez, Rocío, Calama-González, Carmen María, Suárez, Rafael
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:idus.us.es:11441/174074
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/174074
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2025.106335
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Mediterranean climate
Ventilation rate
Indoor air quality
Thermal comfort
Field measurements
Cognitive performance
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spelling Experimental assessment of the interaction between indoor air quality and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary classrooms in southern SpainEscandón Ramírez, RocíoCalama-González, Carmen MaríaSuárez, RafaelMediterranean climateVentilation rateIndoor air qualityThermal comfortField measurementsCognitive performanceCurrent European policies focus on achieving climate neutrality by 2050. However, the COVID-19 crisis has disrupted social conditions, reigniting the debate on buildings with high occupancy and static users for long periods, such as schools, given their inadequate health and comfort conditions. In the Mediterranean climate, most school buildings lack suitable ventilation systems, due to either their age or a reluctance to use mechanical ventilation systems. This study provides a quantitative analysis of current behavioural and environmental factors affecting pollutant exposure, covering the gap in the existing literature on simultaneous assessment on indoor air quality conditions (CO2, PM2.5, PM10), and hygrothermal comfort (temperature and relative humidity) in a post-COVID scenario in existing secondary school buildings in southern Spain. For this purpose, a continuous monitoring of indoor environmental conditions in cooling, mild, and heating seasons is proposed to assess the influence of natural ventilation conditions on indoor air quality and thermal comfort, instead of the short-term monitoring focused on specific periods frequently found in previous studies. The results show a widespread use of natural overventilation through windows, especially in summer (more than 50 % of the occupied hours), to guarantee indoor air quality conditions (with CO2 below 900 ppm during almost 100 % of the occupied hours). However, in general, this involves clearly compromising thermal conditions (with seasonal average values above 25 °C and 100 % of the occupied hours in discomfort during the hottest weeks) and a moderate loss of cognitive performance during more than 97 % of the summer occupied hours.ElsevierEstructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del TerrenoConstrucciones Arquitectónicas ITEP999: HABITAE: Habitabilidad, Acondicionamiento y Energía en ArquitecturaUniversidad de Sevilla2025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/174074https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2025.106335reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevillainstname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)InglésCase Studies in Thermal Engineering, 72, 106335.PID2020-117722RB-I00VI PPIT-UShttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25005957?via%3Dihubinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:idus.us.es:11441/1740742026-06-17T12:51:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Experimental assessment of the interaction between indoor air quality and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary classrooms in southern Spain
title Experimental assessment of the interaction between indoor air quality and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary classrooms in southern Spain
spellingShingle Experimental assessment of the interaction between indoor air quality and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary classrooms in southern Spain
Escandón Ramírez, Rocío
Mediterranean climate
Ventilation rate
Indoor air quality
Thermal comfort
Field measurements
Cognitive performance
title_short Experimental assessment of the interaction between indoor air quality and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary classrooms in southern Spain
title_full Experimental assessment of the interaction between indoor air quality and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary classrooms in southern Spain
title_fullStr Experimental assessment of the interaction between indoor air quality and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary classrooms in southern Spain
title_full_unstemmed Experimental assessment of the interaction between indoor air quality and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary classrooms in southern Spain
title_sort Experimental assessment of the interaction between indoor air quality and thermal comfort in naturally ventilated secondary classrooms in southern Spain
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Escandón Ramírez, Rocío
Calama-González, Carmen María
Suárez, Rafael
author Escandón Ramírez, Rocío
author_facet Escandón Ramírez, Rocío
Calama-González, Carmen María
Suárez, Rafael
author_role author
author2 Calama-González, Carmen María
Suárez, Rafael
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Estructuras de Edificación e Ingeniería del Terreno
Construcciones Arquitectónicas I
TEP999: HABITAE: Habitabilidad, Acondicionamiento y Energía en Arquitectura
Universidad de Sevilla
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Mediterranean climate
Ventilation rate
Indoor air quality
Thermal comfort
Field measurements
Cognitive performance
topic Mediterranean climate
Ventilation rate
Indoor air quality
Thermal comfort
Field measurements
Cognitive performance
description Current European policies focus on achieving climate neutrality by 2050. However, the COVID-19 crisis has disrupted social conditions, reigniting the debate on buildings with high occupancy and static users for long periods, such as schools, given their inadequate health and comfort conditions. In the Mediterranean climate, most school buildings lack suitable ventilation systems, due to either their age or a reluctance to use mechanical ventilation systems. This study provides a quantitative analysis of current behavioural and environmental factors affecting pollutant exposure, covering the gap in the existing literature on simultaneous assessment on indoor air quality conditions (CO2, PM2.5, PM10), and hygrothermal comfort (temperature and relative humidity) in a post-COVID scenario in existing secondary school buildings in southern Spain. For this purpose, a continuous monitoring of indoor environmental conditions in cooling, mild, and heating seasons is proposed to assess the influence of natural ventilation conditions on indoor air quality and thermal comfort, instead of the short-term monitoring focused on specific periods frequently found in previous studies. The results show a widespread use of natural overventilation through windows, especially in summer (more than 50 % of the occupied hours), to guarantee indoor air quality conditions (with CO2 below 900 ppm during almost 100 % of the occupied hours). However, in general, this involves clearly compromising thermal conditions (with seasonal average values above 25 °C and 100 % of the occupied hours in discomfort during the hottest weeks) and a moderate loss of cognitive performance during more than 97 % of the summer occupied hours.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11441/174074
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2025.106335
url https://hdl.handle.net/11441/174074
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2025.106335
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 72, 106335.
PID2020-117722RB-I00
VI PPIT-US
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25005957?via%3Dihub
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
instname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
instname_str Universidad de Sevilla (US)
reponame_str idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
collection idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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