Gender gaps in Spain

We document recent trends in gender equality in employment and wages in Spain. Despite an impressive decline in the gender gap in employment, females are still less likely to work than males: about 76% of working age males and 63% of working age females were employed in 2010. If females work they ar...

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Authors: Guner, Nezih|||0000-0003-4604-4159, Kaya, Ezgi, Sanchez Marcos, Virginia
Format: article
Publication Date:2014
Country:España
Institution:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repository:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:220739
Online Access:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/220739
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1007/s13209-014-0104-z
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Gender employment gap
Gender wage gap
Occupational segregation
Quantile regressions
Selection
Public policy
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spelling Gender gaps in Spainpolicies and outcomes over the last three decadesGuner, Nezih|||0000-0003-4604-4159Kaya, EzgiSanchez Marcos, VirginiaGender employment gapGender wage gapOccupational segregationQuantile regressionsSelectionPublic policyWe document recent trends in gender equality in employment and wages in Spain. Despite an impressive decline in the gender gap in employment, females are still less likely to work than males: about 76% of working age males and 63% of working age females were employed in 2010. If females work they are more likely to be employed part time and with temporary contracts. The large increase in female employment, from 28% in 1977 to 63% in 2010, was accompanied by a significant decline in fertility. The gender gap in wages, after controlling for worker and job characteristics as well as for selection, is high. It was about 20% in 2010, quite close to its value in 1994. Furthermore, the gender gap in wages is driven mainly by differences in returns to individual characteristics. While women are more qualified than men in observable labor market characteristics, they end up earning less. There have been several important policy changes that try to help families reconcile family responsibilities with market work. The existing literature suggests that households do react to incentives generated by different policies and policy changes are at least partly responsible for changes in female labor supply. In recent decades, the large inflow of immigrants, who provided relatively cheap household services, allowedmore educated women to enter the labor market. Policy challenges, however, remain. 22014-01-0120142014-01-01Articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://ddd.uab.cat/record/220739https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1007/s13209-014-0104-zreponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UABinstname:Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaInglésengMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 ECO2008-04756Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 ECO2009-09614open accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, la comunicació pública de l'obra i la creació d'obres derivades, fins i tot amb finalitats comercials, sempre i quan es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ddd.uab.cat:2207392026-06-06T12:50:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Gender gaps in Spain
policies and outcomes over the last three decades
title Gender gaps in Spain
spellingShingle Gender gaps in Spain
Guner, Nezih|||0000-0003-4604-4159
Gender employment gap
Gender wage gap
Occupational segregation
Quantile regressions
Selection
Public policy
title_short Gender gaps in Spain
title_full Gender gaps in Spain
title_fullStr Gender gaps in Spain
title_full_unstemmed Gender gaps in Spain
title_sort Gender gaps in Spain
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Guner, Nezih|||0000-0003-4604-4159
Kaya, Ezgi
Sanchez Marcos, Virginia
author Guner, Nezih|||0000-0003-4604-4159
author_facet Guner, Nezih|||0000-0003-4604-4159
Kaya, Ezgi
Sanchez Marcos, Virginia
author_role author
author2 Kaya, Ezgi
Sanchez Marcos, Virginia
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Gender employment gap
Gender wage gap
Occupational segregation
Quantile regressions
Selection
Public policy
topic Gender employment gap
Gender wage gap
Occupational segregation
Quantile regressions
Selection
Public policy
description We document recent trends in gender equality in employment and wages in Spain. Despite an impressive decline in the gender gap in employment, females are still less likely to work than males: about 76% of working age males and 63% of working age females were employed in 2010. If females work they are more likely to be employed part time and with temporary contracts. The large increase in female employment, from 28% in 1977 to 63% in 2010, was accompanied by a significant decline in fertility. The gender gap in wages, after controlling for worker and job characteristics as well as for selection, is high. It was about 20% in 2010, quite close to its value in 1994. Furthermore, the gender gap in wages is driven mainly by differences in returns to individual characteristics. While women are more qualified than men in observable labor market characteristics, they end up earning less. There have been several important policy changes that try to help families reconcile family responsibilities with market work. The existing literature suggests that households do react to incentives generated by different policies and policy changes are at least partly responsible for changes in female labor supply. In recent decades, the large inflow of immigrants, who provided relatively cheap household services, allowedmore educated women to enter the labor market. Policy challenges, however, remain.
publishDate 2014
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2
2014-01-01
2014
2014-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://ddd.uab.cat/record/220739
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1007/s13209-014-0104-z
url https://ddd.uab.cat/record/220739
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1007/s13209-014-0104-z
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 ECO2008-04756
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 ECO2009-09614
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
instname:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
instname_str Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
collection Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
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