Thermal balancing of multiphase battery chargers controlled by phase shift

Power sources based on multiphase resonant converters, controlled by phase-shift at constant switching frequency, reduce conduction losses and enable current-mode operation for battery charger applications. However, phase-shift modulation in multiphase class D resonant converters inherently causes u...

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Autores: Brañas Reyes, Christian, Pigazo López, Alberto|||0000-0001-9014-8647, Casanueva Arpide, Rosario|||0000-0002-0754-8250, Azcondo Sánchez, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-3200-5821, Díaz Rodríguez, Francisco Javier, Lamo Anuarbe, Paula|||0000-0002-5877-045X
Tipo de documento: artigo
Data de publicação:2026
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
Repositório:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
Idioma:inglês
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/39075
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/10902/39075
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Battery chargers
Lithium batteries
Phase control
Power sources
Resonant converters
Thermal management
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spelling Thermal balancing of multiphase battery chargers controlled by phase shiftBrañas Reyes, ChristianPigazo López, Alberto|||0000-0001-9014-8647Casanueva Arpide, Rosario|||0000-0002-0754-8250Azcondo Sánchez, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-3200-5821Díaz Rodríguez, Francisco JavierLamo Anuarbe, Paula|||0000-0002-5877-045XBattery chargersLithium batteriesPhase controlPower sourcesResonant convertersThermal managementPower sources based on multiphase resonant converters, controlled by phase-shift at constant switching frequency, reduce conduction losses and enable current-mode operation for battery charger applications. However, phase-shift modulation in multiphase class D resonant converters inherently causes uneven current distribution among sections, leading to a thermal imbalances in transistors and inductors. To address this, a thermal balancing control strategy is proposed, which equalizes temperatures by modulating the amplitude (AM) of the resonant currents flowing through the transistors and inductors in each Class D section. A simple hysteresis band outer controller set up the average phase shift required to balance the temperature in the resonant branches. This method involves periodically exchanging the control signals of the inverter sections, which does not affect the output variables due to the symmetrical structure of the circuit. Thus, this approach enables thermal management without interfering with the inner output variable control set by the instantaneous phase shift. The proposal is validated experimentally using a four-phase LCpCs resonant converter designed for a Lithium-ion battery charger application.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER, UE under the research project PID2021-128941OB-I00, “Efficient Energy Transformation in Industrial Environments”, and the project 2023-TCN-008 UETAI, which the Regional Government of Cantabria and the EU funded. The authors also thank Prof. Enrique Valdes from the Battery Laboratory at the University of Oviedo for providing the battery charge profile data.ElsevierUniversidad de Cantabria20262026-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://hdl.handle.net/10902/39075Journal of Power Sources, 2026, 661, 238688reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabriainstname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/390752026-06-02T12:39:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Thermal balancing of multiphase battery chargers controlled by phase shift
title Thermal balancing of multiphase battery chargers controlled by phase shift
spellingShingle Thermal balancing of multiphase battery chargers controlled by phase shift
Brañas Reyes, Christian
Battery chargers
Lithium batteries
Phase control
Power sources
Resonant converters
Thermal management
title_short Thermal balancing of multiphase battery chargers controlled by phase shift
title_full Thermal balancing of multiphase battery chargers controlled by phase shift
title_fullStr Thermal balancing of multiphase battery chargers controlled by phase shift
title_full_unstemmed Thermal balancing of multiphase battery chargers controlled by phase shift
title_sort Thermal balancing of multiphase battery chargers controlled by phase shift
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Brañas Reyes, Christian
Pigazo López, Alberto|||0000-0001-9014-8647
Casanueva Arpide, Rosario|||0000-0002-0754-8250
Azcondo Sánchez, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-3200-5821
Díaz Rodríguez, Francisco Javier
Lamo Anuarbe, Paula|||0000-0002-5877-045X
author Brañas Reyes, Christian
author_facet Brañas Reyes, Christian
Pigazo López, Alberto|||0000-0001-9014-8647
Casanueva Arpide, Rosario|||0000-0002-0754-8250
Azcondo Sánchez, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-3200-5821
Díaz Rodríguez, Francisco Javier
Lamo Anuarbe, Paula|||0000-0002-5877-045X
author_role author
author2 Pigazo López, Alberto|||0000-0001-9014-8647
Casanueva Arpide, Rosario|||0000-0002-0754-8250
Azcondo Sánchez, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-3200-5821
Díaz Rodríguez, Francisco Javier
Lamo Anuarbe, Paula|||0000-0002-5877-045X
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Cantabria
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Battery chargers
Lithium batteries
Phase control
Power sources
Resonant converters
Thermal management
topic Battery chargers
Lithium batteries
Phase control
Power sources
Resonant converters
Thermal management
description Power sources based on multiphase resonant converters, controlled by phase-shift at constant switching frequency, reduce conduction losses and enable current-mode operation for battery charger applications. However, phase-shift modulation in multiphase class D resonant converters inherently causes uneven current distribution among sections, leading to a thermal imbalances in transistors and inductors. To address this, a thermal balancing control strategy is proposed, which equalizes temperatures by modulating the amplitude (AM) of the resonant currents flowing through the transistors and inductors in each Class D section. A simple hysteresis band outer controller set up the average phase shift required to balance the temperature in the resonant branches. This method involves periodically exchanging the control signals of the inverter sections, which does not affect the output variables due to the symmetrical structure of the circuit. Thus, this approach enables thermal management without interfering with the inner output variable control set by the instantaneous phase shift. The proposal is validated experimentally using a four-phase LCpCs resonant converter designed for a Lithium-ion battery charger application.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10902/39075
url https://hdl.handle.net/10902/39075
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Power Sources, 2026, 661, 238688
reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
instname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
instname_str Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
reponame_str UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
collection UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,812429

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