Release of titanium particles after implantoplasty in the treatment of peri-implantitis: local and systemic implications—An integrative systematic review

Implantoplasty is widely applied in the surgical management of peri-implantitis; however, this procedure releases titanium micro- and nanoparticles whose biological relevance remains uncertain. Understanding whether these particles influence peri-implant tissue health or systemic responses is essent...

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Autores: Rodríguez Álvarez, María Belén|||0009-0004-0149-0598, Padullés Roig, Esteban, Cabanes Gumbau, Guillermo|||0000-0002-9927-5009, Callejas Cano, Juan Antonio, Gil Mur, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-6824-1412
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/450869
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/450869
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm14248661
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Implantoplasty
Titanium particles
Peri-implant soft tissue
Peri-implantitis
TiO2
Titanium dioxide
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria biomèdica
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spelling Release of titanium particles after implantoplasty in the treatment of peri-implantitis: local and systemic implications—An integrative systematic reviewRodríguez Álvarez, María Belén|||0009-0004-0149-0598Padullés Roig, EstebanCabanes Gumbau, Guillermo|||0000-0002-9927-5009Callejas Cano, Juan AntonioGil Mur, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-6824-1412ImplantoplastyTitanium particlesPeri-implant soft tissuePeri-implantitisTiO2Titanium dioxideÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria biomèdicaImplantoplasty is widely applied in the surgical management of peri-implantitis; however, this procedure releases titanium micro- and nanoparticles whose biological relevance remains uncertain. Understanding whether these particles influence peri-implant tissue health or systemic responses is essential for assessing the long-term safety of implantoplasty. To determine whether titanium particles generated during implantoplasty are associated with peri-implantitis, peri-implant tissue changes, or systemic effects. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible in vitro, in vivo, observational, and clinical studies evaluated titanium particle release during or after implantoplasty and its local or systemic effects. Study selection and data extraction were conducted independently, and the risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, ROBINS-I, and AMSTAR 2. Synthesis was qualitative due to heterogeneity. Certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADE. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Titanium particles ranging from 100 nm to 54 µm were consistently detected in peri-implant tissues, with higher levels in peri-implantitis sites, though without consistent clinical association. In vitro data showed dose-dependent inflammatory cytokine release and decreased osteogenic activity, whereas human studies did not confirm a direct relationship between particles and peri-implantitis or marginal bone loss. Certainty of evidence was generally low. Conclusions: Titanium particles generated during implantoplasty are detectable but show no consistent clinical association with peri-implantitis or significant inflammation. Implantoplasty may be applied selectively, although robust long-term clinical studies are still required. No protocol was registered.Peer ReviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)20252025-12-0120262026-01-20journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/450869https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm14248661reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/4508692026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Release of titanium particles after implantoplasty in the treatment of peri-implantitis: local and systemic implications—An integrative systematic review
title Release of titanium particles after implantoplasty in the treatment of peri-implantitis: local and systemic implications—An integrative systematic review
spellingShingle Release of titanium particles after implantoplasty in the treatment of peri-implantitis: local and systemic implications—An integrative systematic review
Rodríguez Álvarez, María Belén|||0009-0004-0149-0598
Implantoplasty
Titanium particles
Peri-implant soft tissue
Peri-implantitis
TiO2
Titanium dioxide
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria biomèdica
title_short Release of titanium particles after implantoplasty in the treatment of peri-implantitis: local and systemic implications—An integrative systematic review
title_full Release of titanium particles after implantoplasty in the treatment of peri-implantitis: local and systemic implications—An integrative systematic review
title_fullStr Release of titanium particles after implantoplasty in the treatment of peri-implantitis: local and systemic implications—An integrative systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Release of titanium particles after implantoplasty in the treatment of peri-implantitis: local and systemic implications—An integrative systematic review
title_sort Release of titanium particles after implantoplasty in the treatment of peri-implantitis: local and systemic implications—An integrative systematic review
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Rodríguez Álvarez, María Belén|||0009-0004-0149-0598
Padullés Roig, Esteban
Cabanes Gumbau, Guillermo|||0000-0002-9927-5009
Callejas Cano, Juan Antonio
Gil Mur, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-6824-1412
author Rodríguez Álvarez, María Belén|||0009-0004-0149-0598
author_facet Rodríguez Álvarez, María Belén|||0009-0004-0149-0598
Padullés Roig, Esteban
Cabanes Gumbau, Guillermo|||0000-0002-9927-5009
Callejas Cano, Juan Antonio
Gil Mur, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-6824-1412
author_role author
author2 Padullés Roig, Esteban
Cabanes Gumbau, Guillermo|||0000-0002-9927-5009
Callejas Cano, Juan Antonio
Gil Mur, Francisco Javier|||0000-0002-6824-1412
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Implantoplasty
Titanium particles
Peri-implant soft tissue
Peri-implantitis
TiO2
Titanium dioxide
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria biomèdica
topic Implantoplasty
Titanium particles
Peri-implant soft tissue
Peri-implantitis
TiO2
Titanium dioxide
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria biomèdica
description Implantoplasty is widely applied in the surgical management of peri-implantitis; however, this procedure releases titanium micro- and nanoparticles whose biological relevance remains uncertain. Understanding whether these particles influence peri-implant tissue health or systemic responses is essential for assessing the long-term safety of implantoplasty. To determine whether titanium particles generated during implantoplasty are associated with peri-implantitis, peri-implant tissue changes, or systemic effects. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible in vitro, in vivo, observational, and clinical studies evaluated titanium particle release during or after implantoplasty and its local or systemic effects. Study selection and data extraction were conducted independently, and the risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, ROBINS-I, and AMSTAR 2. Synthesis was qualitative due to heterogeneity. Certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADE. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Titanium particles ranging from 100 nm to 54 µm were consistently detected in peri-implant tissues, with higher levels in peri-implantitis sites, though without consistent clinical association. In vitro data showed dose-dependent inflammatory cytokine release and decreased osteogenic activity, whereas human studies did not confirm a direct relationship between particles and peri-implantitis or marginal bone loss. Certainty of evidence was generally low. Conclusions: Titanium particles generated during implantoplasty are detectable but show no consistent clinical association with peri-implantitis or significant inflammation. Implantoplasty may be applied selectively, although robust long-term clinical studies are still required. No protocol was registered.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-12-01
2026
2026-01-20
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/450869
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm14248661
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/450869
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm14248661
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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