Online signature watermarking in the transform domain
The increasing reliance on digital signatures for secure authentication and verification necessitates advanced watermarking techniques to protect signature integrity. Transform-domain methods, including the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), are proposed for th...
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| Formato: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | TecnoCampus |
| Repositorio: | Repositori Digital del TecnoCampus |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:dnet:rdtecnocamp_::3b526e34aae090500f7f4e3557584e75 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12367/3250 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Online signature Transform methods Watermarking Multi-bit watermarking |
| Resumo: | The increasing reliance on digital signatures for secure authentication and verification necessitates advanced watermarking techniques to protect signature integrity. Transform-domain methods, including the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), are proposed for their potential to balance robustness, imperceptibility, and recognition accuracy in online signature biometrics. This study explores multi-bit watermarking approaches applied to online handwritten signatures using the MCYT signature database. We investigate the effects of embedding multiple bits per sample with adjustable watermark strength () in the DCT and DWT domains. The trade-offs between signal distortion, watermark extraction accuracy, and biometric recognition rates are systematically evaluated. Experimental results reveal that while increasing enhances watermark robustness, it also leads to perceptible distortions in signature samples. We identify the minimum thresholds required for error-free watermark extraction and analyze their impact on identification and verification performance. [...] |
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