Digital metasurface based on graphene: An application to beam steering in terahertz plasmonic antennas

Metasurfaces, the two-dimensional counterpart of metamaterials, have caught great attention thanks to their powerful capabilities on manipulation of electromagnetic waves. Recent times have seen the emergence of a variety of metasurfaces exhibiting not only countless functionalities, but also a reco...

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Autores: Hosseininejad, Seyed Ehsan, Rouhi, Kasra, Neshat, Mohammad, Cabellos Aparicio, Alberto|||0000-0001-9329-7584, Abadal Cavallé, Sergi|||0000-0003-0941-0260, Alarcón Cot, Eduardo José|||0000-0001-7663-7153
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2019
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/340031
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/340031
https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2019.2923727
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Graphene
Metamaterials
Beam steering
Digital metasurfaces
Plasmonics
Terahertz frequencies
Grafè
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Antenes i agrupacions d'antenes
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spelling Digital metasurface based on graphene: An application to beam steering in terahertz plasmonic antennasHosseininejad, Seyed EhsanRouhi, KasraNeshat, MohammadCabellos Aparicio, Alberto|||0000-0001-9329-7584Abadal Cavallé, Sergi|||0000-0003-0941-0260Alarcón Cot, Eduardo José|||0000-0001-7663-7153GrapheneMetamaterialsBeam steeringDigital metasurfacesPlasmonicsTerahertz frequenciesGrafèMetamaterialsÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Antenes i agrupacions d'antenesMetasurfaces, the two-dimensional counterpart of metamaterials, have caught great attention thanks to their powerful capabilities on manipulation of electromagnetic waves. Recent times have seen the emergence of a variety of metasurfaces exhibiting not only countless functionalities, but also a reconfigurable response. Additionally, digital or coding metasurfaces have revolutionized the field by describing the device as a matrix of discrete building block states, thus drawing clear parallelisms with information theory and opening new ways to model, compose, and (re)program advanced metasurfaces. This paper joins the reconfigurable and digital approaches, and presents a metasurface that leverages the tunability of graphene to perform beam steering at terahertz frequencies. A comprehensive design methodology is presented encompassing technological, unit cell design, digital metamaterial synthesis, and programmability aspects. By setting up and dynamically adjusting a phase gradient along the metasurface plane, the resulting device achieves beam steering at all practical directions. The proposed design is studied through analytical models and validated numerically, showing beam widths and steering errors well below 10° and 5% in most cases. Finally, design guidelines are extracted through a scalability analysis involving the metasurface size and number of unit cell states.This work was supported in part by the Iran’s National Elites Foundation (INEF), in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economía y Competitividad under Grant PCIN-2015-012, and in part by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme.Peer Reviewed20192019-06-2520212021-02-18journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501AMhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/340031https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2019.2923727reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)InglésengMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad http://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 PCIN-2015-012 HACIA LAS COMUNICACIONES RF BASADAS EN GRAFENO ? DEMOSTRANDO LAS ANTENAS DE GRAFENO THZ PLASMONICAS.open accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/3400312026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Digital metasurface based on graphene: An application to beam steering in terahertz plasmonic antennas
title Digital metasurface based on graphene: An application to beam steering in terahertz plasmonic antennas
spellingShingle Digital metasurface based on graphene: An application to beam steering in terahertz plasmonic antennas
Hosseininejad, Seyed Ehsan
Graphene
Metamaterials
Beam steering
Digital metasurfaces
Plasmonics
Terahertz frequencies
Grafè
Metamaterials
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Antenes i agrupacions d'antenes
title_short Digital metasurface based on graphene: An application to beam steering in terahertz plasmonic antennas
title_full Digital metasurface based on graphene: An application to beam steering in terahertz plasmonic antennas
title_fullStr Digital metasurface based on graphene: An application to beam steering in terahertz plasmonic antennas
title_full_unstemmed Digital metasurface based on graphene: An application to beam steering in terahertz plasmonic antennas
title_sort Digital metasurface based on graphene: An application to beam steering in terahertz plasmonic antennas
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Hosseininejad, Seyed Ehsan
Rouhi, Kasra
Neshat, Mohammad
Cabellos Aparicio, Alberto|||0000-0001-9329-7584
Abadal Cavallé, Sergi|||0000-0003-0941-0260
Alarcón Cot, Eduardo José|||0000-0001-7663-7153
author Hosseininejad, Seyed Ehsan
author_facet Hosseininejad, Seyed Ehsan
Rouhi, Kasra
Neshat, Mohammad
Cabellos Aparicio, Alberto|||0000-0001-9329-7584
Abadal Cavallé, Sergi|||0000-0003-0941-0260
Alarcón Cot, Eduardo José|||0000-0001-7663-7153
author_role author
author2 Rouhi, Kasra
Neshat, Mohammad
Cabellos Aparicio, Alberto|||0000-0001-9329-7584
Abadal Cavallé, Sergi|||0000-0003-0941-0260
Alarcón Cot, Eduardo José|||0000-0001-7663-7153
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Graphene
Metamaterials
Beam steering
Digital metasurfaces
Plasmonics
Terahertz frequencies
Grafè
Metamaterials
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Antenes i agrupacions d'antenes
topic Graphene
Metamaterials
Beam steering
Digital metasurfaces
Plasmonics
Terahertz frequencies
Grafè
Metamaterials
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Antenes i agrupacions d'antenes
description Metasurfaces, the two-dimensional counterpart of metamaterials, have caught great attention thanks to their powerful capabilities on manipulation of electromagnetic waves. Recent times have seen the emergence of a variety of metasurfaces exhibiting not only countless functionalities, but also a reconfigurable response. Additionally, digital or coding metasurfaces have revolutionized the field by describing the device as a matrix of discrete building block states, thus drawing clear parallelisms with information theory and opening new ways to model, compose, and (re)program advanced metasurfaces. This paper joins the reconfigurable and digital approaches, and presents a metasurface that leverages the tunability of graphene to perform beam steering at terahertz frequencies. A comprehensive design methodology is presented encompassing technological, unit cell design, digital metamaterial synthesis, and programmability aspects. By setting up and dynamically adjusting a phase gradient along the metasurface plane, the resulting device achieves beam steering at all practical directions. The proposed design is studied through analytical models and validated numerically, showing beam widths and steering errors well below 10° and 5% in most cases. Finally, design guidelines are extracted through a scalability analysis involving the metasurface size and number of unit cell states.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2019-06-25
2021
2021-02-18
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
AM
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/340031
https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2019.2923727
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/340031
https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2019.2923727
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad http://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 PCIN-2015-012 HACIA LAS COMUNICACIONES RF BASADAS EN GRAFENO ? DEMOSTRANDO LAS ANTENAS DE GRAFENO THZ PLASMONICAS.
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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