Enhanced Diclofenac Biodegradation by Bacterial Strains and a Microbial Consortium from Activated Sludge: Toxicity Assessment and Insights into Microbial Community Dynamics

This article belongs to the Topic Aquatic Emerging Contaminants and Their Ecotoxicological Consequences, 2nd Edition

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Lara Moreno, Alba, Rodríguez-Morillo, Belén, Madrid Díaz, Fernando, Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Mª, Villaverde Capellán, J., Mejías, Carmen, Alonso, Esteban, Santos, Juan Luis, Morillo González, Esmeralda
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/417145
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/417145
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Diclofenac
Bioremediation
Activated sludge
DCF-degrading bacteria
DCFdegrading consortium
Ecotoxicity
Microbial community
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spelling Enhanced Diclofenac Biodegradation by Bacterial Strains and a Microbial Consortium from Activated Sludge: Toxicity Assessment and Insights into Microbial Community DynamicsLara Moreno, AlbaRodríguez-Morillo, BelénMadrid Díaz, FernandoMartin-Sanchez, Pedro MªVillaverde Capellán, J.Mejías, CarmenAlonso, EstebanSantos, Juan LuisMorillo González, EsmeraldaDiclofenacBioremediationActivated sludgeDCF-degrading bacteriaDCFdegrading consortiumEcotoxicityMicrobial communityThis article belongs to the Topic Aquatic Emerging Contaminants and Their Ecotoxicological Consequences, 2nd EditionDiclofenac (DCF) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug whose presence in environmental matrices has led to its classification as an emerging contaminant. Developing effective and sustainable removal strategies is therefore essential. In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CSWD.1, Pseudomonas sp. CSWD.2, and a microbial consortium (MC) were isolated from activated sludge through enrichment cultures with DCF and employed as laboratory models to investigate DCF biodegradation capacity under a biosafety-aware framework. Biodegradation assays supplemented with glucose showed limited removal (45.5%) by CSWD.1, whereas CSWD.2 and the MC achieved complete elimination (100%) of 10 mg L−1 DCF in 21 and 5 days, respectively. Three extracellular metabolites, 4’-hydroxy-diclofenac (4’-OH-DCF), 5-hydroxy-diclofenac (5-OH-DCF), and putative NO2-DCF, were detected, with concentrations varying during degradation. Persistence of 4’-OH-DCF and tentatively identified NO2-DCF after 28 days was potentially associated with increased toxicity relative to the abiotic control. Overall, the results suggest that evaluating metabolites and their toxicity is essential, requiring isolation of additional microorganisms able to degrade 4’-OH-DCF and NO2-DCF to combine with the microorganisms isolated in this study. Metabarcoding analysis of the microbial consortium after bioremediation revealed the dominant bacterial population of Burkholderia (88.9% relative abundance) and a predominant fungal genus Talaromyces (80.1%), indicating that both bacteria and fungi may be associated with DCF transformation. These results provide insights into microbial community dynamics and their potential application in designing effective consortia for DCF bioremediation.This work was supported by the Junta de Andalucía (Council of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge, and University) under the research project PY20_01069 (FEDER Andalucia PO 2014–2020). Alba Lara-Moreno acknowledges the University of Seville for her Junta de Andalucía Doctor contract Horizonte 2027 (DGP_POST_2024_00013) (funded by the Junta de Andalucía).Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteJunta de AndalucíaEuropean CommissionLara Moreno, Alba [0000-0002-5741-7662]Madrid Díaz, Fernando [0000-0002-2921-3515]Villaverde Capellán, J. [0000-0002-8694-7929]Morillo González, Esmeralda [0000-0002-4485-2315]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2026202620262026info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/417145reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésThe underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16010024https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16010024Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4171452026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Enhanced Diclofenac Biodegradation by Bacterial Strains and a Microbial Consortium from Activated Sludge: Toxicity Assessment and Insights into Microbial Community Dynamics
title Enhanced Diclofenac Biodegradation by Bacterial Strains and a Microbial Consortium from Activated Sludge: Toxicity Assessment and Insights into Microbial Community Dynamics
spellingShingle Enhanced Diclofenac Biodegradation by Bacterial Strains and a Microbial Consortium from Activated Sludge: Toxicity Assessment and Insights into Microbial Community Dynamics
Lara Moreno, Alba
Diclofenac
Bioremediation
Activated sludge
DCF-degrading bacteria
DCFdegrading consortium
Ecotoxicity
Microbial community
title_short Enhanced Diclofenac Biodegradation by Bacterial Strains and a Microbial Consortium from Activated Sludge: Toxicity Assessment and Insights into Microbial Community Dynamics
title_full Enhanced Diclofenac Biodegradation by Bacterial Strains and a Microbial Consortium from Activated Sludge: Toxicity Assessment and Insights into Microbial Community Dynamics
title_fullStr Enhanced Diclofenac Biodegradation by Bacterial Strains and a Microbial Consortium from Activated Sludge: Toxicity Assessment and Insights into Microbial Community Dynamics
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced Diclofenac Biodegradation by Bacterial Strains and a Microbial Consortium from Activated Sludge: Toxicity Assessment and Insights into Microbial Community Dynamics
title_sort Enhanced Diclofenac Biodegradation by Bacterial Strains and a Microbial Consortium from Activated Sludge: Toxicity Assessment and Insights into Microbial Community Dynamics
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Lara Moreno, Alba
Rodríguez-Morillo, Belén
Madrid Díaz, Fernando
Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Mª
Villaverde Capellán, J.
Mejías, Carmen
Alonso, Esteban
Santos, Juan Luis
Morillo González, Esmeralda
author Lara Moreno, Alba
author_facet Lara Moreno, Alba
Rodríguez-Morillo, Belén
Madrid Díaz, Fernando
Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Mª
Villaverde Capellán, J.
Mejías, Carmen
Alonso, Esteban
Santos, Juan Luis
Morillo González, Esmeralda
author_role author
author2 Rodríguez-Morillo, Belén
Madrid Díaz, Fernando
Martin-Sanchez, Pedro Mª
Villaverde Capellán, J.
Mejías, Carmen
Alonso, Esteban
Santos, Juan Luis
Morillo González, Esmeralda
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Junta de Andalucía
European Commission
Lara Moreno, Alba [0000-0002-5741-7662]
Madrid Díaz, Fernando [0000-0002-2921-3515]
Villaverde Capellán, J. [0000-0002-8694-7929]
Morillo González, Esmeralda [0000-0002-4485-2315]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Diclofenac
Bioremediation
Activated sludge
DCF-degrading bacteria
DCFdegrading consortium
Ecotoxicity
Microbial community
topic Diclofenac
Bioremediation
Activated sludge
DCF-degrading bacteria
DCFdegrading consortium
Ecotoxicity
Microbial community
description This article belongs to the Topic Aquatic Emerging Contaminants and Their Ecotoxicological Consequences, 2nd Edition
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/417145
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/417145
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16010024
https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16010024
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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