Influence of alumina shot blasting induced roughness on bacterial adhesion to titanium
Objective: To evaluate the influence of different surface roughness levels of titanium disks, induced by alumina blasting, on bacterial adhesion. Materials and Methods: Twelve different surface roughnesses, ranging from 0.01 µm to 6 µm, were produced using a shot blasting technique with varying alum...
| Autores: | , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) |
| Repositorio: | UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/446060 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/2117/446060 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-025-06580-2 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Roughness Bacteri Shot blasting Alumina Wettability Residual stress Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria biomèdica::Biomaterials |
| Sumario: | Objective: To evaluate the influence of different surface roughness levels of titanium disks, induced by alumina blasting, on bacterial adhesion. Materials and Methods: Twelve different surface roughnesses, ranging from 0.01 µm to 6 µm, were produced using a shot blasting technique with varying alumina particle sizes. Surface roughness was measured using confocal interferometry, wettability was assessed by contact angle measurements, and compressive residual stress was evaluated by X-ray diffraction. For each roughness level, 720 samples were used to culture Porphyromonas gingivalis (Gram-negative, anaerobic) and Streptococcus sanguinis (Gram-positive, anaerobic). The colonies formed per unit area, the ratio of dead bacteria to total bacteria, and the metabolic activity for each roughness ere determined. Results: The polished surface (Sa = 0.01 µm) showed the highest bacterial adhesion for both strains compared to the 0.13 µm roughness, which exhibited a antibacterial activity, likely due to nanostructured peaks causing bacterial membrane disruption. For surface roughness values between 0.5 and 3 µm, Gram-positive bacterial colonies increased approximately threefold. When the roughness exceeded 3.8 µm, colony formation rose fivefold. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria did not exhibit statistically significant changes in adhesion between 0.5 and 2 µm. However, beginning at 2.6 µm, a marked increase was observed, with colony numbers reaching nearly four times the control at 6 µm. The ratio of dead bacteria and metabolic activity confirms bacterial colonization studies (CFU/mm2). Conclusions: Surface roughness significantly influenced bacterial colonization on titanium implants. An antibacterial effect was observed at a roughness of 0.13 µm. Bacterial adhesion increased moderately up to 2.1 µm for Gram-negative and 3 µm for Gram-positive strains, followed by a sharp rise at higher roughness values. An optimal surface roughness range of 1 to 2 µm appears to promote favorable osteoblastic response while minimizing bacterial adhesion. Clinical Relevance: These results enhance our understanding of how implant surface roughness influences bacterial adhesion. This knowledge could contribute to the development of clinical approaches designed to lower the risk of peri-implantitis. |
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