Thermal use of urban wastewater: Some case studies

Urban sanitation networks in the 21st century must go beyond transporting and treating wastewater; they should also prioritize energy efficiency. Wastewater, accounting for over 70 % of water consumption, is collected through sewage systems and treated at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) before d...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Ordóñez Alonso, María Almudena|||0000-0002-0055-1828, Solís Gallego, Irene|||0000-0002-1130-614X, González,A., Iglesias Rodriguez, Francisco Javier, Álvarez García, Rodrigo|||0000-0002-2651-1103
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Oviedo (UNIOVI)
Repositorio:RUO. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Oviedo
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:ruo_________::07c4d6142dd4c7f22f086fd590cceffd
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/10651/83218
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.EGYR.2025.12.013
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Circular economy
Heat pump
Sludge drying
Wastewater heat recovery
Descrição
Resumo:Urban sanitation networks in the 21st century must go beyond transporting and treating wastewater; they should also prioritize energy efficiency. Wastewater, accounting for over 70 % of water consumption, is collected through sewage systems and treated at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) before discharge. With temperatures between 10 and 23 °C, it represents a valuable thermal energy source. This study explores two approaches: drying sludge using treated WWTP effluent via heat pumps and recovering heat from urban sewers for building heating. In the first case, a WWTP treating 7045 m³ day−1 employed a 7.2–10.4 kW water-to-water heat pump at 45 °C (COP 4.2–4.5), reducing sludge moisture from 78.6 % to below 30 % and cutting disposal costs by €15,414 year−1. The €15,000–€16,000 investment was recovered in 2.2–3 years, yielding an IRR above 40 %. In the second case, heat from a sewer collector (300 L s−1, 19 °C) was used to heat an 8500 m² sports center. Three 140 kW heat pumps delivered 420 kW, reducing CO₂ emissions by 150 t year−1 and heating costs by €44,336 year−1, with a 2.5-year payback (excluding the cost of installing underfloor heating). These results show that wastewater heat recovery can provide reliable, cost-effective, and sustainable thermal energy, supporting urban energy efficiency and the circular economy, and promoting the vision of a globally applicable “sustainable city.”