Perceived risk and acceptance of automated vehicles users to unexpected hazard situations in real driving conditions

The decision-making systems in highly automated vehicles use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to replicate human-like behaviour in driving. However, when studying the acceptance of such vehicles, analysing the human factor is essential if their deployment is to be a success. This paper presen...

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Autores: Pérez Moreno, Elisa María, Naranjo, José Eugenio, Hernández Lloreda, María José, Ruiz Gallego-Largo, Trinidad, Valle, Alfredo, Cruz, Alberto, Serradilla, Francisco, Jiménez, Felipe
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
Repositorio:Docta Complutense
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/129918
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/129918
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Automated vehicles
Perceived risk
Users acceptance
Pupil dilation
Safety
Unexpected hazards
Psicología experimental
6106 Psicología Experimental
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spelling Perceived risk and acceptance of automated vehicles users to unexpected hazard situations in real driving conditionsPérez Moreno, Elisa MaríaNaranjo, José EugenioHernández Lloreda, María JoséRuiz Gallego-Largo, TrinidadValle, AlfredoCruz, AlbertoSerradilla, FranciscoJiménez, FelipeAutomated vehiclesPerceived riskUsers acceptancePupil dilationSafetyUnexpected hazardsPsicología experimental6106 Psicología ExperimentalThe decision-making systems in highly automated vehicles use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to replicate human-like behaviour in driving. However, when studying the acceptance of such vehicles, analysing the human factor is essential if their deployment is to be a success. This paper presents an analysis, based on real driving conditions, of perceived risk and occupant acceptance of an SAE level 4 automated vehicle (where the user adopts only the role of a passenger) in two unforeseen situations involving risk, one in which the life of a pedestrian may be endangered and the other in which the life of the user himself may be endangered. To assess perceived risk, pupil diameter, a physiological variable closely related to emotional arousal, was measured. The study involved 40 participants. The study revealed that perceived risk is significantly higher when the user's personal safety is compromised, reinforcing the principle of prioritising passenger safety in autonomous vehicle design. Key findings include an inverse correlation between perceived risk and driving experience, and no evidence suggesting that prior automated vehicle experience modifies future usage expectations. The research emphasises the critical role of human-centered design in AI-driven decision-making systems, highlighting the importance of understanding psychological and physiological responses to autonomous technology.Taylor & FrancisUniversidad Complutense de Madrid20252025-01-1220252025-01-12journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501AMhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/129918reponame:Docta Complutenseinstname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)InglésengAgencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020 PDC2021-121517-C32 SISTEMA PARA LA AUTOMATIZACION DE VEHICULOS DE TRANSPORTE PUBLICO Y COMPARTIDO DESTINADOS A ENTORNOS SEMI-ESTRUCTURADOS: AUTOMATIZACION Y CONECTIVIDADAgencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PID2022-140554OB-C31 SISTEMA PARA GARANTIZAR CONDICIONES DE MINIMO RIESGO ANTE FALLOS DE VEHICULOS AUTONOMOS: INTEGRACION CON LA INFRAESTRUCTURA Y EXPERIENCIA DE USUARIOopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docta.ucm.es:20.500.14352/1299182026-06-02T12:44:21Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Perceived risk and acceptance of automated vehicles users to unexpected hazard situations in real driving conditions
title Perceived risk and acceptance of automated vehicles users to unexpected hazard situations in real driving conditions
spellingShingle Perceived risk and acceptance of automated vehicles users to unexpected hazard situations in real driving conditions
Pérez Moreno, Elisa María
Automated vehicles
Perceived risk
Users acceptance
Pupil dilation
Safety
Unexpected hazards
Psicología experimental
6106 Psicología Experimental
title_short Perceived risk and acceptance of automated vehicles users to unexpected hazard situations in real driving conditions
title_full Perceived risk and acceptance of automated vehicles users to unexpected hazard situations in real driving conditions
title_fullStr Perceived risk and acceptance of automated vehicles users to unexpected hazard situations in real driving conditions
title_full_unstemmed Perceived risk and acceptance of automated vehicles users to unexpected hazard situations in real driving conditions
title_sort Perceived risk and acceptance of automated vehicles users to unexpected hazard situations in real driving conditions
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pérez Moreno, Elisa María
Naranjo, José Eugenio
Hernández Lloreda, María José
Ruiz Gallego-Largo, Trinidad
Valle, Alfredo
Cruz, Alberto
Serradilla, Francisco
Jiménez, Felipe
author Pérez Moreno, Elisa María
author_facet Pérez Moreno, Elisa María
Naranjo, José Eugenio
Hernández Lloreda, María José
Ruiz Gallego-Largo, Trinidad
Valle, Alfredo
Cruz, Alberto
Serradilla, Francisco
Jiménez, Felipe
author_role author
author2 Naranjo, José Eugenio
Hernández Lloreda, María José
Ruiz Gallego-Largo, Trinidad
Valle, Alfredo
Cruz, Alberto
Serradilla, Francisco
Jiménez, Felipe
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad Complutense de Madrid
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Automated vehicles
Perceived risk
Users acceptance
Pupil dilation
Safety
Unexpected hazards
Psicología experimental
6106 Psicología Experimental
topic Automated vehicles
Perceived risk
Users acceptance
Pupil dilation
Safety
Unexpected hazards
Psicología experimental
6106 Psicología Experimental
description The decision-making systems in highly automated vehicles use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to replicate human-like behaviour in driving. However, when studying the acceptance of such vehicles, analysing the human factor is essential if their deployment is to be a success. This paper presents an analysis, based on real driving conditions, of perceived risk and occupant acceptance of an SAE level 4 automated vehicle (where the user adopts only the role of a passenger) in two unforeseen situations involving risk, one in which the life of a pedestrian may be endangered and the other in which the life of the user himself may be endangered. To assess perceived risk, pupil diameter, a physiological variable closely related to emotional arousal, was measured. The study involved 40 participants. The study revealed that perceived risk is significantly higher when the user's personal safety is compromised, reinforcing the principle of prioritising passenger safety in autonomous vehicle design. Key findings include an inverse correlation between perceived risk and driving experience, and no evidence suggesting that prior automated vehicle experience modifies future usage expectations. The research emphasises the critical role of human-centered design in AI-driven decision-making systems, highlighting the importance of understanding psychological and physiological responses to autonomous technology.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-01-12
2025
2025-01-12
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
AM
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/129918
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/129918
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Agencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020 PDC2021-121517-C32 SISTEMA PARA LA AUTOMATIZACION DE VEHICULOS DE TRANSPORTE PUBLICO Y COMPARTIDO DESTINADOS A ENTORNOS SEMI-ESTRUCTURADOS: AUTOMATIZACION Y CONECTIVIDAD
Agencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PID2022-140554OB-C31 SISTEMA PARA GARANTIZAR CONDICIONES DE MINIMO RIESGO ANTE FALLOS DE VEHICULOS AUTONOMOS: INTEGRACION CON LA INFRAESTRUCTURA Y EXPERIENCIA DE USUARIO
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Taylor & Francis
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Taylor & Francis
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docta Complutense
instname:Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
instname_str Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
reponame_str Docta Complutense
collection Docta Complutense
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,812455

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