The Tryptophan System in Cocaine-Induced Depression

Major depression disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent psychiatric comorbid condition in cocaine use disorder (CUD). The comorbid MDD might be primary-MDD (CUD-primary-MDD) or cocaine-induced MDD (CUD-induced-MDD), and their accurate diagnoses and treatment is a challenge for improving prognoses. Thi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Fonseca, Francina|||0000-0002-0779-6545, Mestre-Pintó, Joan-Ignasi|||0000-0003-0387-9375, Gomez-Gomez, A.|||0000-0001-8172-1827, Martinez-Sanvisens, Diana, Rodríguez-Minguela, Rocío, Papaseit, Esther|||0000-0003-2620-4274, Pérez-Mañá, Clara|||0000-0001-6343-6918, Langohr, Klaus|||0000-0001-7075-9192, Valverde, Olga|||0000-0003-2264-7852, Pozo, Oscar J.|||0000-0002-1735-9728, Farré Albaladejo, Magí|||0000-0001-8338-7543, Torrens, Marta
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:253213
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/253213
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3390/jcm9124103
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Primary/substance-induced depression
Cocaine use disorder
Tryptophan
Serotonin
Kynurenine
Descripción
Sumario:Major depression disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent psychiatric comorbid condition in cocaine use disorder (CUD). The comorbid MDD might be primary-MDD (CUD-primary-MDD) or cocaine-induced MDD (CUD-induced-MDD), and their accurate diagnoses and treatment is a challenge for improving prognoses. This study aimed to assess the tryptophan/serotonin (Trp/5-HT) system with the acute tryptophan depletion test (ATD), and the kynurenine pathway in subjects with CUD-primary-MDD, CUD-induced-MDD, MDD and healthy controls. The ATD was performed with a randomized, double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled design. Markers of enzymatic activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) and kynureninase were also established. Following ATD, we observed a decrease in Trp levels in all groups. Comparison between CUD-induced-MDD and MDD revealed significant differences in 5-HT plasma concentrations (512 + 332 ng/mL vs. 107 + 127 ng/mL, p = 0.039) and the Kyn/5-HT ratio (11 + 15 vs. 112 + 136; p = 0.012), whereas there were no differences between CUD-primary-MDD and MDD. Effect size coefficients show a gradient for all targeted markers (d range 0.72-1.67). Results suggest different pathogenesis for CUD-induced-MDD, with lower participation of the tryptophan system, probably more related to other neurotransmitter pathways and accordingly suggesting the need for a different pharmacological treatment approach.

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